{"site":"https://inigomedina.co","generated_at":"2026-05-25T14:59:50.817Z","works":[{"slug":"morris-useful-work-vs-useless-toil","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/morris-useful-work-vs-useless-toil","title":"Useful Work versus Useless Toil","author":"William Morris","year":1884,"publication":"Socialist League (lecture, published as pamphlet)","type":"essay","tags":["labour","craft","socialism","morris"],"source_url":"https://www.marxists.org/archive/morris/works/1884/useful.htm","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Morris's 1884 lecture (later published as a pamphlet) draws a hard distinction between useful work — work that produces something of value to the worker, the community, and humanity — and useless toil, which simply waste…"},{"slug":"keller-story-of-my-life","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/keller-story-of-my-life","title":"The Story of My Life","author":"Helen Keller","year":1903,"publication":"Doubleday, Page & Company","type":"book","tags":["disability","perception","autobiography","language"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/storyofmylife005396mbp/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Helen Keller's autobiography, written at twenty-two, is the account of a mind constructed against unusual constraints — deaf and blind from nineteen months old, she learned language at seven and went on to read and write…"},{"slug":"taylor-principles-of-scientific-management","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/taylor-principles-of-scientific-management","title":"The Principles of Scientific Management","author":"Frederick W. Taylor","year":1911,"publication":"Harper & Brothers","type":"book","tags":["organizations","management","craft","history"],"source_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/6435","open_access":"gutenberg","open_access_url":"https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/6435/pg6435.txt","has_full_text":true,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The root of everything modern management reacts against — and the book is far more interesting than the caricature. Taylor's argument is that craft knowledge held by individual workers should be made explicit, measured,…"},{"slug":"knight-risk-uncertainty-and-profit","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/knight-risk-uncertainty-and-profit","title":"Risk, Uncertainty and Profit","author":"Frank Knight","year":1921,"publication":"Houghton Mifflin","type":"book","tags":["economics","decision-making","uncertainty","history"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/riskuncertaintyp00knig","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Knight's distinction is clean and consequential: risk is measurable probability; uncertainty is not. Insurance handles risk; entrepreneurship handles uncertainty. Profit exists precisely because some situations cannot be…"},{"slug":"weber-bureaucracy","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/weber-bureaucracy","title":"Bureaucracy","author":"Max Weber","year":1922,"publication":"Published posthumously (chapter from Economy and Society)","type":"book","tags":["organizations","history","institutions","management"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/economyandsociet00webe","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The foundational analysis of bureaucracy as a technology of coordination, not a pejorative. Weber described an ideal type: hierarchical authority, written rules, specialised roles, impersonal procedures — a machine for m…"},{"slug":"tschichold-new-typography","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/tschichold-new-typography","title":"The New Typography","author":"Jan Tschichold","year":1928,"publication":"Brinkmann & Bose","type":"book","tags":["design","craft","history","communication"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/thenewtyp","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Tschichold wrote the manifesto of modern typographic design at twenty-six, declaring that asymmetry, sans-serif type, and functional clarity should replace the centered, ornamented tradition of centuries. The book system…"},{"slug":"mcelroy-brand-men-memo","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/mcelroy-brand-men-memo","title":"Brand Men (The McElroy Memo)","author":"Neil H. McElroy","year":1931,"publication":"Internal memorandum, Procter & Gamble","type":"essay","tags":["brand-management","product-management","history","organisation"],"source_url":"https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neil_Mcelroy%27s_1931_Brand_Man_Memo.pdf","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"A three-page internal memo written in May 1931 by Neil McElroy at Procter & Gamble, proposing that each brand should have a dedicated team responsible for every aspect of its marketing. The memo is the closest thing prod…"},{"slug":"warde-crystal-goblet","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/warde-crystal-goblet","title":"The Crystal Goblet","author":"Beatrice Warde","year":1932,"publication":null,"type":"essay","tags":["design","craft","communication","philosophy"],"source_url":"https://readings.design/PDF/The%20Crystal%20Goblet.pdf","open_access":"author_pdf","open_access_url":"https://readings.design/PDF/The%20Crystal%20Goblet.pdf","has_full_text":true,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Warde's five-page essay, originally delivered as a lecture to the British Typographers' Guild, offers the clearest metaphor for what good typography is: a crystal goblet that lets you see the wine, as opposed to a golden…"},{"slug":"mumford-technics-and-civilization","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/mumford-technics-and-civilization","title":"Technics and Civilization","author":"Lewis Mumford","year":1934,"publication":"Harcourt Brace","type":"book","tags":["philosophy","history","craft","critique"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.224780","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The book that inaugurated the philosophy of technology as a discipline. Mumford's distinction between \"polytechnics\" (technologies oriented toward life and variety) and \"monotechnics\" (technologies oriented toward power…"},{"slug":"benedict-patterns-of-culture","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/benedict-patterns-of-culture","title":"Patterns of Culture","author":"Ruth Benedict","year":1934,"publication":"Houghton Mifflin","type":"book","tags":["anthropology","culture","classics","benedict"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/1934-patterns_of_culture","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Benedict's 1934 classic of cultural anthropology, based on her and Franz Boas's fieldwork on three societies (Zuni, Dobu, Kwakiutl), argues that each culture is a coherent pattern that selects certain human capacities an…"},{"slug":"coase-nature-of-the-firm","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/coase-nature-of-the-firm","title":"The Nature of the Firm","author":"Ronald Coase","year":1937,"publication":"Economica, Vol. 4, No. 16","type":"paper","tags":["economics","firm-theory","transaction-costs"],"source_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The founding question: if the market is so efficient, why do firms exist? Coase answers that organising activities in the open market has costs — searching for suppliers, negotiating contracts, monitoring quality. Firms…"},{"slug":"merton-science-and-social-order","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/merton-science-and-social-order","title":"Science and the Social Order","author":"Robert K. Merton","year":1938,"publication":"Philosophy of Science, Vol. 5, No. 3","type":"paper","tags":["science-sociology","institutions","norms","merton"],"source_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/184838","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Merton's earlier essay — the companion to The Normative Structure of Science — on the relationship between scientific practice and the broader social order that either supports or undermines it. Written in 1938, the essa…"},{"slug":"follett-dynamic-administration","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/follett-dynamic-administration","title":"Dynamic Administration: The Collected Papers of Mary Parker Follett","author":"Mary Parker Follett","year":1941,"publication":"Harper & Brothers (posthumous collection)","type":"book","tags":["organizations","leadership","management","history"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/dynamicadministr0000foll","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Follett was a contemporary of Taylor and argued against almost everything he stood for. Where Taylor saw management as control through measurement, Follett saw it as coordination through relationship — power with, not po…"},{"slug":"schumpeter-capitalism-socialism-democracy","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/schumpeter-capitalism-socialism-democracy","title":"Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy","author":"Joseph Schumpeter","year":1942,"publication":"Harper & Brothers","type":"book","tags":["economics","innovation","history","strategy"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/capitalismsocial00schu","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"\"Creative destruction\" in its original formulation — and the book is much broader and stranger than the phrase it spawned. Schumpeter's argument is that capitalism's defining feature is not price competition within stabl…"},{"slug":"merton-normative-structure-of-science","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/merton-normative-structure-of-science","title":"The Normative Structure of Science","author":"Robert K. Merton","year":1942,"publication":"Journal of Legal and Political Sociology, Vol. 1","type":"paper","tags":["science-sociology","norms","epistemology","institutions"],"source_url":"https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/3609203/1c-Merton-The-Normative-Structure-of-Science.pdf","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Merton's 1942 essay codifies the norms that he argued had made science work: communalism, universalism, disinterestedness, organised scepticism — the CUDOS norms that became the founding text of the sociology of science.…"},{"slug":"schrödinger-what-is-life","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/schrödinger-what-is-life","title":"What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell","author":"Erwin Schrödinger","year":1944,"publication":"Cambridge University Press","type":"book","tags":["biology","information-theory","philosophy","classics"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/whatislifephysic0000schr","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Based on lectures delivered at Trinity College Dublin in February 1943, this short book asked how physics and chemistry could account for the events in a living cell — and in doing so, inspired a generation of physicists…"},{"slug":"borges-ficciones","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/borges-ficciones","title":"Ficciones","author":"Jorge Luis Borges","year":1944,"publication":"Sur","type":"book","tags":["literature","philosophy","hypertext","culture"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/ficciones00borg","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-24","excerpt":"Before anyone had built a computer network, Borges had already imagined its topology. \"The Garden of Forking Paths\" (1941) describes a novel that is also a labyrinth — a structure in which every decision branches into al…"},{"slug":"hayek-use-of-knowledge-in-society","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/hayek-use-of-knowledge-in-society","title":"The Use of Knowledge in Society","author":"Friedrich Hayek","year":1945,"publication":"American Economic Review, Vol. 35, No. 4","type":"paper","tags":["economics","information","decentralization","knowledge"],"source_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/1809376","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The knowledge relevant for economic decisions is dispersed across society — never concentrated in a single mind. No central planner can aggregate it well. Markets work because they are a decentralised mechanism for proce…"},{"slug":"von-neumann-first-draft-edvac","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/von-neumann-first-draft-edvac","title":"First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC","author":"John von Neumann","year":1945,"publication":"Moore School of Electrical Engineering","type":"paper","tags":["history","information-technology","classics","architecture"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/firstdraftofrepo00vonn","open_access":"archive_org","open_access_url":"https://archive.org/download/firstdraftofrepo00vonn/firstdraftofrepo00vonn_djvu.txt","has_full_text":true,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Von Neumann's 1945 report described the stored-program computer architecture that would become the standard blueprint for virtually every digital computer built since. The document proposed that instructions and data sho…"},{"slug":"bush-as-we-may-think","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/bush-as-we-may-think","title":"As We May Think","author":"Vannevar Bush","year":1945,"publication":"The Atlantic","type":"essay","tags":["history","information-technology","vision","craft"],"source_url":"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1945/07/as-we-may-think/303881/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Point zero. Bush imagined the Memex in 1945 — a machine for augmenting human memory through associative trails. Every hyperlink, every wiki, every recommendation system is a partial realisation of this essay. Read it not…"},{"slug":"orwell-politics-and-the-english-language","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/orwell-politics-and-the-english-language","title":"Politics and the English Language","author":"George Orwell","year":1946,"publication":"Horizon, Vol. 13, No. 76","type":"essay","tags":["writing","clarity","orwell","politics"],"source_url":"https://www.orwellfoundation.com/the-orwell-foundation/orwell/essays-and-other-works/politics-and-the-english-language/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Orwell's six rules for writing clear prose — never use a metaphor you have seen before, never use a long word where a short one will do, if it is possible to cut a word always cut it, never use the passive where you can…"},{"slug":"simon-administrative-behavior","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/simon-administrative-behavior","title":"Administrative Behavior: A Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization","author":"Herbert A. Simon","year":1947,"publication":"Macmillan (4th edition, The Free Press, 1997)","type":"book","tags":["decision-making","organisations","bounded-rationality","simon"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/administrativebe00herb","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Simon's 1947 book is one of the foundational texts of modern management theory — the argument that real organisations make decisions through bounded rationality rather than the idealised comprehensive rationality of clas…"},{"slug":"rand-thoughts-on-design","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/rand-thoughts-on-design","title":"Thoughts on Design","author":"Paul Rand","year":1947,"publication":"Wittenborn","type":"book","tags":["design","craft","philosophy","classics"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/thoughtsondesign00rand","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Paul Rand designed the logos for IBM, ABC, UPS, Westinghouse, and NeXT — Steve Jobs called him the greatest living graphic designer. This book, written when Rand was thirty-three, distills his philosophy into roughly fif…"},{"slug":"shannon-mathematical-theory-of-communication","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/shannon-mathematical-theory-of-communication","title":"A Mathematical Theory of Communication","author":"Claude Shannon","year":1948,"publication":"Bell System Technical Journal","type":"paper","tags":["information-theory","complexity","history","classics"],"source_url":"https://people.math.harvard.edu/~ctm/home/text/others/shannon/entropy/entropy.pdf","open_access":"author_pdf","open_access_url":"https://people.math.harvard.edu/~ctm/home/text/others/shannon/entropy/entropy.pdf","has_full_text":true,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Shannon's 1948 paper is the founding document of information theory and one of the most consequential scientific publications of the twentieth century. It demonstrated that information could be quantified in bits, measur…"},{"slug":"turing-computing-machinery-and-intelligence","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/turing-computing-machinery-and-intelligence","title":"Computing Machinery and Intelligence","author":"Alan Turing","year":1950,"publication":"Mind","type":"paper","tags":["ai","philosophy","cognition","classics"],"source_url":"https://academic.oup.com/mind/article/LIX/236/433/986238","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Turing's 1950 paper posed the question \"Can machines think?\" and then methodically dismantled every common objection, from theological arguments to Lady Lovelace's claim that machines can only do what they are told. The…"},{"slug":"wiener-human-use-of-human-beings","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/wiener-human-use-of-human-beings","title":"The Human Use of Human Beings","author":"Norbert Wiener","year":1950,"publication":"Houghton Mifflin","type":"book","tags":["complexity","philosophy","history","automation"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/humanuseofahuman0000wien","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Cybernetics as a philosophy of society, not just engineering. Wiener saw that feedback loops govern organisations, economies, and minds decades before anyone used the word \"systems thinking.\" This is the most readable en…"},{"slug":"halmos-measure-theory","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/halmos-measure-theory","title":"Measure Theory","author":"Paul R. Halmos","year":1950,"publication":"Van Nostrand","type":"book","tags":["mathematics","measure-theory","probability","foundations"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/measuretheory0000paul","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"A graduate-level textbook that most product directors will never read cover to cover and should still know exists. Measure theory is the mathematical foundation under probability, statistics and any rigorous claim you ma…"},{"slug":"ellul-technological-society","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/ellul-technological-society","title":"The Technological Society","author":"Jacques Ellul","year":1954,"publication":"Knopf","type":"book","tags":["philosophy","critique","history","automation"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/technologicalsoc0000ellu","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Ellul's central claim is that technique — the ensemble of means oriented toward efficiency — has become an autonomous system that shapes human ends rather than serving them. The argument is extreme and deliberately uncom…"},{"slug":"wiener-mathematician","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/wiener-mathematician","title":"I Am a Mathematician: The Later Life of a Prodigy","author":"Norbert Wiener","year":1956,"publication":"MIT Press","type":"book","tags":["history","complexity","philosophy","classics"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/iammathematician0000wien","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Wiener's second autobiographical volume covers his mature career at MIT, from the 1920s through the founding of cybernetics in the 1940s and its aftermath. He describes how wartime work on anti-aircraft prediction led hi…"},{"slug":"simondon-mode-existence-technical-objects","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/simondon-mode-existence-technical-objects","title":"On the Mode of Existence of Technical Objects","author":"Gilbert Simondon","year":1958,"publication":"Aubier","type":"book","tags":["philosophy","craft","complexity","history"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/du-mode-dexistence-des-objets-techniques","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Simondon argued that the split between culture and technology is a modern pathology — that technical objects have their own mode of existence that deserves the same philosophical attention we give to art or language. His…"},{"slug":"lampedusa-il-gattopardo","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/lampedusa-il-gattopardo","title":"Il Gattopardo","author":"Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa","year":1958,"publication":"Feltrinelli","type":"book","tags":["literature","change","power"],"source_url":"https://www.feltrinellieditore.it/opera/il-gattopardo-9788807900075/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Not a technology book, but the opening conceptual frame for how technology waves actually play out. \"Se vogliamo che tutto rimanga come è, bisogna che tutto cambi.\" — if we want everything to stay as it is, everything mu…"},{"slug":"penrose-theory-of-growth-of-the-firm","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/penrose-theory-of-growth-of-the-firm","title":"The Theory of the Growth of the Firm","author":"Edith Penrose","year":1959,"publication":"Wiley","type":"book","tags":["economics","firm-theory","organizations","strategy"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/theoryofgrowtho00penr","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Penrose fills the gap between Coase and Chandler. Coase explained why firms exist; Chandler documented how they grew; Penrose explains the mechanism — firms grow by deploying accumulated knowledge and unused resources in…"},{"slug":"strunk-white-elements-of-style","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/strunk-white-elements-of-style","title":"The Elements of Style","author":"William Strunk Jr. & E. B. White","year":1959,"publication":"Macmillan (originally Harcourt, based on Strunk's 1918 pamphlet)","type":"book","tags":["writing","style","english","reference"],"source_url":"https://www.bartleby.com/lit-hub/strunk/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The most influential short book on English prose. Strunk wrote it as a pamphlet for his Cornell students in 1918; E. B. White revised and expanded it in 1959 and the little book has not stopped being read since. The advi…"},{"slug":"mcgregor-human-side-of-enterprise","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/mcgregor-human-side-of-enterprise","title":"The Human Side of Enterprise","author":"Douglas McGregor","year":1960,"publication":"McGraw-Hill","type":"book","tags":["organizations","leadership","culture","management"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/humansideofenter0000mcgr","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Theory X assumes people dislike work and must be coerced; Theory Y assumes people are intrinsically motivated and capable of self-direction. McGregor's point was not that Y is correct and X is wrong, but that every manag…"},{"slug":"licklider-man-computer-symbiosis","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/licklider-man-computer-symbiosis","title":"Man-Computer Symbiosis","author":"J.C.R. Licklider","year":1960,"publication":"IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics","type":"paper","tags":["history","information-technology","ai","craft"],"source_url":"https://groups.csail.mit.edu/medg/people/psz/Licklider.html","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Licklider's argument is not that computers will replace human thinking but that the interesting future is in the partnership — humans setting goals, computers handling the mechanical. He funded ARPANET to make this visio…"},{"slug":"stigler-economics-of-information","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/stigler-economics-of-information","title":"The Economics of Information","author":"George J. Stigler","year":1961,"publication":"Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 69, No. 3","type":"paper","tags":["information-economics","search","price-dispersion","uncertainty"],"source_url":"https://home.uchicago.edu/~vlima/courses/econ200/spring01/stigler.pdf","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-23","excerpt":"Stigler's opening move in what became the economics of information: if information is costly to acquire, then price dispersion in a market is not a sign of irrationality but the rational equilibrium outcome of search beh…"},{"slug":"engelbart-augmenting-human-intellect","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/engelbart-augmenting-human-intellect","title":"Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework","author":"Douglas Engelbart","year":1962,"publication":"Stanford Research Institute","type":"paper","tags":["history","information-technology","craft","complexity"],"source_url":"https://www.dougengelbart.org/content/view/138","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The conceptual framework behind the \"Mother of All Demos.\" Engelbart's insight was that tools, knowledge, methods, and training form a co-evolving system — you cannot improve human capability by changing just one element…"},{"slug":"simon-architecture-of-complexity","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/simon-architecture-of-complexity","title":"The Architecture of Complexity","author":"Herbert A. Simon","year":1962,"publication":"Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society","type":"paper","tags":["complexity","organizations","decision-making","systems"],"source_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/985254","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The companion paper to Simon's books already in the library. Here Simon argues that complex systems evolve faster when they are hierarchically modular — \"nearly decomposable\" — because subsystems can evolve independently…"},{"slug":"mcluhan-gutenberg-galaxy","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/mcluhan-gutenberg-galaxy","title":"The Gutenberg Galaxy","author":"Marshall McLuhan","year":1962,"publication":"University of Toronto Press","type":"book","tags":["media-theory","history","communication","philosophy"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/gutenberggalaxy00mclu","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"McLuhan's argument is that the invention of movable type created not just a new way of distributing text but a new way of thinking — linear, sequential, uniform, repeatable — and that this mode of consciousness shaped ev…"},{"slug":"kuhn-structure-of-scientific-revolutions","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/kuhn-structure-of-scientific-revolutions","title":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","author":"Thomas S. 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T…"},{"slug":"popper-conjectures-and-refutations","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/popper-conjectures-and-refutations","title":"Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge","author":"Karl Popper","year":1963,"publication":"Routledge & Kegan Paul","type":"book","tags":["philosophy-of-science","falsificationism","popper","epistemology"],"source_url":"https://www.routledge.com/Conjectures-and-Refutations-The-Growth-of-Scientific-Knowledge/Popper/p/book/9780415285940","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Popper's central claim: what makes a theory scientific is not that it can be confirmed but that it can be refuted, and the growth of knowledge happens through bold conjectures followed by serious attempts to disprove the…"},{"slug":"alexander-notes-on-synthesis-of-form","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/alexander-notes-on-synthesis-of-form","title":"Notes on the Synthesis of Form","author":"Christopher Alexander","year":1964,"publication":"Harvard University Press","type":"book","tags":["design-theory","architecture","form","pattern-languages"],"source_url":"https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674627512","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Alexander's first book, written as his Harvard PhD, is the foundational text of design theory and the predecessor of his later work on pattern languages. The central argument is that design is the problem of achieving fi…"},{"slug":"mcluhan-understanding-media","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/mcluhan-understanding-media","title":"Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man","author":"Marshall McLuhan","year":1964,"publication":"McGraw-Hill","type":"book","tags":["media-theory","technology","culture"],"source_url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262631594/understanding-media/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Every new medium transforms society not through its content but through how it reorganises relationships, time and perception. The telegraph matters not for what it carries but because it compresses distance. Television…"},{"slug":"drucker-managing-for-results","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/drucker-managing-for-results","title":"Managing for Results","author":"Peter F. Drucker","year":1964,"publication":"Harper & Row","type":"book","tags":["management","drucker","strategy","classic"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/managingforresul00pete","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Drucker's 1964 book — one of the first serious treatments of business strategy as a discipline — is the source of many ideas that contemporary management takes for granted: the focus on results over activity, the categor…"},{"slug":"munari-design-as-art","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/munari-design-as-art","title":"Design as Art","author":"Bruno Munari","year":1966,"publication":"Laterza (Italian original); Penguin (English, 2008)","type":"book","tags":["design","art","munari","italian-design"],"source_url":"https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/57743/design-as-art-by-munari-bruno/9780141035819","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Munari's short, witty, illustrated book argues that design is not a lesser form of art but a more honest one — art that has accepted the constraint of usefulness and is better for it. The book is a collection of essays o…"},{"slug":"medawar-art-of-the-soluble","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/medawar-art-of-the-soluble","title":"The Art of the Soluble","author":"Peter B. Medawar","year":1967,"publication":"Methuen & Co.","type":"book","tags":["science","research","epistemology","essays"],"source_url":"https://www.routledge.com/The-Art-of-the-Soluble/Medawar/p/book/9781032116815","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Medawar, a Nobel-winning biologist, argues that good science is not about tackling the hardest problems but about choosing the ones that can actually be solved with the tools available — the art is in the picking. The bo…"},{"slug":"pye-nature-and-art-of-workmanship","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/pye-nature-and-art-of-workmanship","title":"The Nature and Art of Workmanship","author":"David Pye","year":1968,"publication":"Cambridge University Press","type":"book","tags":["craft","design","philosophy","history"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/natureandartofwo0000pyed","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Pye, a professor of furniture design at the Royal College of Art, made a distinction that clarifies almost every tension in product development: the \"workmanship of certainty\" (where the outcome is predetermined by the j…"},{"slug":"knuth-art-of-computer-programming","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/knuth-art-of-computer-programming","title":"The Art of Computer Programming","author":"Donald Knuth","year":1968,"publication":"Addison-Wesley","type":"book","tags":["software-engineering","craft","classics","complexity"],"source_url":"https://www-cs-faculty.stanford.edu/~knuth/taocp.html","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Not a book to read cover-to-cover — a book to know exists. Knuth began writing it in 1962 and is still at it, because he refused to publish anything he had not understood completely. The result is the definitive referenc…"},{"slug":"dijkstra-goto-considered-harmful","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/dijkstra-goto-considered-harmful","title":"Go To Statement Considered Harmful","author":"Edsger W. Dijkstra","year":1968,"publication":"Communications of the ACM","type":"paper","tags":["software-engineering","craft","classics","history"],"source_url":"https://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/EWD/ewd02xx/EWD215.PDF","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"One page that changed how software is written. Dijkstra argued that unstructured jumps make programs impossible to reason about — and that the quality of a programmer's thinking is bounded by the control structures avail…"},{"slug":"conway-law","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/conway-law","title":"How Do Committees Invent? (Conway's Law)","author":"Melvin E. Conway","year":1968,"publication":"Datamation, Vol. 14, No. 4","type":"paper","tags":["conway-law","organisation","software-architecture","systems"],"source_url":"http://www.melconway.com/Home/Conways_Law.html","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Conway's 1968 paper states a law that has turned out to apply to software, hardware, and almost every other designed system: \"organisations which design systems are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the…"},{"slug":"simon-sciences-of-the-artificial","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/simon-sciences-of-the-artificial","title":"The Sciences of the Artificial","author":"Herbert A. Simon","year":1969,"publication":"MIT Press (3rd edition, 1996)","type":"book","tags":["design","artificial","bounded-rationality","simon"],"source_url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262691918/the-sciences-of-the-artificial/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Simon's argument is that designed systems — artefacts, organisations, software, economies — require their own science, distinct from the natural sciences: a science of the artificial, concerned with the interface between…"},{"slug":"dick-ubik","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/dick-ubik","title":"Ubik","author":"Philip K. Dick","year":1969,"publication":"Doubleday","type":"book","tags":["science-fiction","perception","reality","philosophy"],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/321005/ubik-by-philip-k-dick/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Philip K. Dick's novel about a world where reality keeps decaying in ways the characters cannot quite identify — and Ubik, a commercial spray-on product that seems to restore it. Dick's register is unusual: paranoid scie…"},{"slug":"codd-relational-model-of-data","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/codd-relational-model-of-data","title":"A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks","author":"Edgar F. Codd","year":1970,"publication":"Communications of the ACM","type":"paper","tags":["data","software-engineering","classics","design"],"source_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/362384.362685","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Codd's 1970 paper proposed that data storage should be separated from its physical representation on disk and instead organized into relations — tables with rows and columns governed by mathematical set theory. At the ti…"},{"slug":"akerlof-market-for-lemons","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/akerlof-market-for-lemons","title":"The Market for 'Lemons': Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism","author":"George A. Akerlof","year":1970,"publication":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 84, No. 3","type":"paper","tags":["information-economics","market-failure","uncertainty","signaling"],"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1879431","open_access":"university","open_access_url":"https://econweb.ucsd.edu/~jandreon/Econ264/papers/Akerlof%20QJE%201970.pdf","has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-30","excerpt":"Akerlof's foundational demonstration that information asymmetry alone can destroy a market. Using the used car trade as his model — where sellers know whether a car is good or a \"lemon\" but buyers cannot tell — he shows…"},{"slug":"lakatos-musgrave-criticism-and-growth-of-knowledge","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/lakatos-musgrave-criticism-and-growth-of-knowledge","title":"Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge","author":"Imre Lakatos & Alan Musgrave (eds.)","year":1970,"publication":"Cambridge University Press","type":"book","tags":["philosophy-of-science","lakatos","kuhn-popper-debate","research-programmes"],"source_url":"https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/criticism-and-the-growth-of-knowledge/A712C37A240C3602B61BAB62FC02E7A4","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The published record of the 1965 London colloquium where Kuhn, Popper, Lakatos and Feyerabend confronted each other's views on how science changes. Lakatos's contribution — the methodology of scientific research programm…"},{"slug":"bush-pieces-of-the-action","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/bush-pieces-of-the-action","title":"Pieces of the Action","author":"Vannevar Bush","year":1970,"publication":"Stripe Press","type":"book","tags":["history","organizations","innovation","leadership"],"source_url":"https://press.stripe.com/pieces-of-the-action","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-18","excerpt":"Bush's memoir of directing the US wartime science effort — the Office of Scientific Research and Development, the coordination of the Manhattan Project, and the institutional design that made American science dominant fo…"},{"slug":"royce-managing-development-of-large-software-systems","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/royce-managing-development-of-large-software-systems","title":"Managing the Development of Large Software Systems","author":"Winston W. Royce","year":1970,"publication":"Proceedings of IEEE WESCON","type":"paper","tags":["software-process","waterfall","iteration","history"],"source_url":"https://www.praxisframework.org/files/royce1970.pdf","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The paper usually cited as the birth of waterfall, and almost always misread. Royce diagrams the linear sequence — requirements, design, code, test, deploy — and immediately writes that this approach is \"risky and invite…"},{"slug":"weinberg-psychology-of-computer-programming","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/weinberg-psychology-of-computer-programming","title":"The Psychology of Computer Programming","author":"Gerald Weinberg","year":1971,"publication":"Van Nostrand Reinhold","type":"book","tags":["software-engineering","cognition","organizations","craft"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/psychologyofcomp00wein","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The first book that treated programmers as psychological subjects rather than interchangeable resources, and programming teams as the primary variable of software quality. Weinberg introduced the concept of \"egoless prog…"},{"slug":"simon-designing-organizations-for-information-rich-world","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/simon-designing-organizations-for-information-rich-world","title":"Designing Organizations for an Information-Rich World","author":"Herbert A. Simon","year":1971,"publication":"In M. Greenberger (ed.), Computers, Communications, and the Public Interest, Johns Hopkins Press","type":"essay","tags":["attention-economy","organizations","information","cognition"],"source_url":"https://gwern.net/doc/design/1971-simon.pdf","open_access":"author_pdf","open_access_url":"https://gwern.net/doc/design/1971-simon.pdf","has_full_text":true,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The essay that quietly invented the attention economy. Simon's argument compresses into one sentence: \"a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention.\" Written in 1971, read it now in the middle of an LLM-enabled…"},{"slug":"wirth-stepwise-refinement","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/wirth-stepwise-refinement","title":"Program Development by Stepwise Refinement","author":"Niklaus Wirth","year":1971,"publication":"Communications of the ACM","type":"paper","tags":["software-engineering","craft","design","classics"],"source_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/362575.362577","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Wirth's method is deceptively simple: start with a high-level statement of what the program should do, then refine it step by step into executable code, making one design decision at each level. The paper walks through a…"},{"slug":"papanek-design-for-the-real-world","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/papanek-design-for-the-real-world","title":"Design for the Real World: Human Ecology and Social Change","author":"Victor Papanek","year":1971,"publication":"Pantheon Books (2nd revised edition, 1984)","type":"book","tags":["design","social-responsibility","ecology","papanek"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/designforrealwor0000papa","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Papanek's polemical argument that most industrial design is trivial, wasteful and irresponsible, and that designers have an obligation to work on the problems that matter — disability, poverty, sustainability, the develo…"},{"slug":"parnas-criteria-decomposing-modules","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/parnas-criteria-decomposing-modules","title":"On the Criteria To Be Used in Decomposing Systems into Modules","author":"David Parnas","year":1972,"publication":"Communications of the ACM","type":"paper","tags":["software-engineering","craft","design","classics"],"source_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/361598.361623","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The most influential paper ever written on software architecture, and it fits in five pages. Parnas demonstrated with a concrete example that the obvious way to decompose a system — along the steps of its processing — pr…"},{"slug":"bateson-steps-to-ecology-of-mind","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/bateson-steps-to-ecology-of-mind","title":"Steps to an Ecology of Mind","author":"Gregory Bateson","year":1972,"publication":"Chandler Publishing","type":"book","tags":["complexity","cognition","philosophy","networks"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/stepstoecologyof00bate","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The most influential essay collection of the second half of the twentieth century in systems thinking. Bateson moved between anthropology, psychiatry, cybernetics, and ecology, finding the same patterns of communication…"},{"slug":"dreyfus-what-computers-cant-do","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/dreyfus-what-computers-cant-do","title":"What Computers Can't Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence","author":"Hubert Dreyfus","year":1972,"publication":"Harper & Row","type":"book","tags":["ai","philosophy","cognition","critique"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/whatcomputerscan00drey","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The earliest and most philosophically rigorous critique of symbolic AI — written when the AI community was making promises remarkably similar to today's. Dreyfus draws on phenomenology (Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty) to argue…"},{"slug":"eldredge-gould-punctuated-equilibria","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/eldredge-gould-punctuated-equilibria","title":"Punctuated Equilibria: An Alternative to Phyletic Gradualism","author":"Niles Eldredge & Stephen Jay Gould","year":1972,"publication":"Models in Paleobiology","type":"paper","tags":["evolution","biology","classics","complexity"],"source_url":"https://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/classictexts/eldredge.asp","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"In roughly ten pages, Eldredge and Gould proposed that the fossil record means what it shows: long periods of stasis interrupted by rapid bursts of speciation, not the smooth gradual change Darwin assumed and palaeontolo…"},{"slug":"spence-job-market-signaling","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/spence-job-market-signaling","title":"Job Market Signaling","author":"A. Michael Spence","year":1973,"publication":"The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 87, No. 3","type":"paper","tags":["information-economics","signaling","market-failure","labor"],"source_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1882010","open_access":"university","open_access_url":"https://www.sfu.ca/~allen/Spence.pdf","has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-30","excerpt":"Spence's canonical model of how agents in markets with asymmetric information use costly signals to reveal their type. The original setting is the labour market: employers cannot observe worker productivity before hiring…"},{"slug":"geertz-interpretation-of-cultures","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/geertz-interpretation-of-cultures","title":"The Interpretation of Cultures","author":"Clifford Geertz","year":1973,"publication":"Basic Books","type":"book","tags":["anthropology","thick-description","ethnography","geertz"],"source_url":"https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/clifford-geertz/the-interpretation-of-cultures/9780465093564/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Geertz's essay collection that introduced \"thick description\" — the idea that understanding a culture requires not just recording what people do but interpreting what their actions mean to them in context. The Balinese c…"},{"slug":"bell-coming-of-post-industrial-society","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/bell-coming-of-post-industrial-society","title":"The Coming of Post-Industrial Society","author":"Daniel Bell","year":1973,"publication":"Basic Books","type":"book","tags":["economics","history","organizations","information-theory"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/comingofpostindu00bell","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Bell's 1973 work is the foundational text for understanding the transition from an industrial economy organized around goods production to a post-industrial economy organized around knowledge, services, and information p…"},{"slug":"illich-tools-for-conviviality","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/illich-tools-for-conviviality","title":"Tools for Conviviality","author":"Ivan Illich","year":1973,"publication":"Harper & Row","type":"book","tags":["philosophy-of-technology","autonomy","conviviality","illich"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/illich-tools-for-conviviality","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Illich's argument is that tools — broadly defined, including institutions, technologies and systems — should extend human autonomy rather than reduce it, and that most industrial tools have crossed the threshold where th…"},{"slug":"bronowski-ascent-of-man","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/bronowski-ascent-of-man","title":"The Ascent of Man","author":"Jacob Bronowski","year":1973,"publication":"BBC Books / Little, Brown","type":"book","tags":["science-history","civilisation","progress","humanism"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/ascentofman00bronrich","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Bronowski's book — the companion to his BBC series — is a personal history of science and civilisation: how humanity developed tools, mathematics, language, industry, and how those developments reshaped what we are. Bron…"},{"slug":"fellini-fare-un-film","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/fellini-fare-un-film","title":"Fare un film","author":"Federico Fellini","year":1974,"publication":"Einaudi","type":"book","tags":["filmmaking","creativity","autobiography","craft"],"source_url":"https://www.einaudi.it/catalogo-libri/arte-e-musica/cinema-teatro-e-spettacolo/fare-un-film-federico-fellini-9788806227487/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Fellini on filmmaking — not a manual but a collection of essays, interviews and reflections on what it means to make a film. The book is as stylistically distinctive as his films: digressive, personal, occasionally surre…"},{"slug":"beer-designing-freedom","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/beer-designing-freedom","title":"Designing Freedom","author":"Stafford Beer","year":1974,"publication":"CBC Massey Lectures / Wiley","type":"book","tags":["complexity","organizations","cybernetics","history"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/designingfreedom0000beer","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Beer applied cybernetics to the design of real organisations — most famously Project Cybersyn in Allende's Chile, an attempt to manage an entire national economy through real-time feedback. These six lectures are short,…"},{"slug":"nelson-computer-lib-dream-machines","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/nelson-computer-lib-dream-machines","title":"Computer Lib / Dream Machines","author":"Ted Nelson","year":1974,"publication":"Self-published","type":"book","tags":["history","information-technology","vision","critique"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/computer-lib-dream-machines","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The most radical manifesto of personal computing — a book printed back-to-back, readable from either end. Nelson coined \"hypertext\" and argued that computers are too important to be left to computer scientists. Wild, unc…"},{"slug":"brooks-mythical-man-month","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/brooks-mythical-man-month","title":"The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering","author":"Frederick P. 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Dawkins introduced the term \"meme\"…"},{"slug":"zinsser-on-writing-well","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/zinsser-on-writing-well","title":"On Writing Well: The Classic Guide to Writing Nonfiction","author":"William Zinsser","year":1976,"publication":"Harper & Row (30th anniversary edition, HarperCollins, 2006)","type":"book","tags":["writing","nonfiction","style","zinsser"],"source_url":"https://www.harpercollins.com/products/on-writing-well-william-zinsser","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Zinsser's book is the most widely read and widely used manual on writing non-fiction in English. 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We think in metaphors — argument is war, time is money, organisations are machines — and these frames shape what we ca…"},{"slug":"deleuze-guattari-thousand-plateaus","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/deleuze-guattari-thousand-plateaus","title":"A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism and Schizophrenia","author":"Gilles Deleuze & Félix Guattari","year":1980,"publication":"Les Éditions de Minuit","type":"book","tags":["philosophy","networks","complexity","critique"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/thousandplateaus0000dele","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-23","excerpt":"The introduction to this book — titled simply \"Rhizome\" — is one of the most consequential metaphors in twentieth-century thought. 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Drawing on his work with Pia…"},{"slug":"gould-pandas-thumb","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/gould-pandas-thumb","title":"The Panda's Thumb: More Reflections in Natural History","author":"Stephen Jay Gould","year":1980,"publication":"W.W. 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Unlik…"},{"slug":"hofstadter-dennett-minds-i","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/hofstadter-dennett-minds-i","title":"The Mind's I: Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul","author":"Douglas Hofstadter & Daniel Dennett (eds.)","year":1981,"publication":"Basic Books","type":"book","tags":["cognition","philosophy","consciousness","classics"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/mindsifantasiese0000unse","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"A commented anthology that remains the perfect gateway to philosophy of mind. 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The method is now stand…"},{"slug":"nelson-literary-machines","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/nelson-literary-machines","title":"Literary Machines","author":"Ted Nelson","year":1981,"publication":"Self-published","type":"book","tags":["information-technology","vision","design","history"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/literarymachines0000nels","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Nelson's self-published, endlessly revised manifesto describes Project Xanadu — a hypertext system conceived in the 1960s that envisioned two-way links, version tracking, micropayments for authors, and transclusion as al…"},{"slug":"kidder-soul-of-a-new-machine","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/kidder-soul-of-a-new-machine","title":"The Soul of a New Machine","author":"Tracy Kidder","year":1981,"publication":"Little, Brown","type":"book","tags":["craft","organizations","software","culture"],"source_url":"https://www.littlebrown.com/titles/tracy-kidder/the-soul-of-a-new-machine/9780316491976/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Pulitzer Prize. 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Lampson's hints (\"do one thing at a time, and do it well,\" \"use brute force,\" \"ke…"},{"slug":"tufte-visual-display","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/tufte-visual-display","title":"The Visual Display of Quantitative Information","author":"Edward Tufte","year":1983,"publication":"Graphics Press","type":"book","tags":["design","data","communication","craft"],"source_url":"https://www.edwardtufte.com/book/the-visual-display-of-quantitative-information/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Tufte's first and most influential book established the principles of data visualization as a serious discipline, arguing that graphical excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clarity, precision, and effi…"},{"slug":"card-moran-newell-psychology-of-hci","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/card-moran-newell-psychology-of-hci","title":"The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction","author":"Stuart Card, Thomas Moran & Allen Newell","year":1983,"publication":"Lawrence Erlbaum","type":"book","tags":["design","cognition","craft","classics"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/psychologyofhuma0000card","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"This book founded human-computer interaction as a quantitative science. Card, Moran, and Newell — working at Xerox PARC and Carnegie Mellon — introduced the GOMS model and applied Fitts's law to predict how long real use…"},{"slug":"flusser-towards-philosophy-of-photography","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/flusser-towards-philosophy-of-photography","title":"Towards a Philosophy of Photography","author":"Vilém Flusser","year":1983,"publication":"Reaktion Books","type":"book","tags":["media-theory","philosophy","design","critique"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/towardsphilosoph0000flus","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Flusser's short book — barely eighty pages — argues that the photographic image represents a break in the history of human communication as fundamental as the invention of writing. His concept of the \"technical image\" —…"},{"slug":"kernighan-pike-unix-programming-environment","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/kernighan-pike-unix-programming-environment","title":"The UNIX Programming Environment","author":"Brian W. Kernighan & Rob Pike","year":1984,"publication":"Prentice Hall","type":"book","tags":["unix","software","composition","craft"],"source_url":"https://www.cs.princeton.edu/~bwk/upe/upe.html","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The Unix philosophy in one volume. Kernighan and Pike teach a way of thinking, not a tool: build small programs that do one thing well, and combine them through plain text. 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Levy documents how a culture that started in an MIT model-railroad club at night turned into the way the software industry actually works — by building in the open, by…"},{"slug":"gibson-neuromancer","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/gibson-neuromancer","title":"Neuromancer","author":"William Gibson","year":1984,"publication":"Ace Books","type":"book","tags":["cyberspace","literature","culture","philosophy"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/neuaborr00wgib","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-24","excerpt":"Gibson coined the word \"cyberspace\" in a short story two years earlier, but Neuromancer gave it a geography. 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Wh…"},{"slug":"boyd-richerson-culture-and-evolutionary-process","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/boyd-richerson-culture-and-evolutionary-process","title":"Culture and the Evolutionary Process","author":"Robert Boyd & Peter Richerson","year":1985,"publication":"University of Chicago Press","type":"book","tags":["evolution","culture","cognition","complexity"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/cultureevoluti00boyd","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The foundational treatise that gave cultural evolution a mathematical backbone. Boyd and Richerson built formal models showing how cultural transmission -- biased imitation, conformism, prestige bias -- can be treated wi…"},{"slug":"brooks-no-silver-bullet","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/brooks-no-silver-bullet","title":"No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering","author":"Frederick P. 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His prediction — that no single technology…"},{"slug":"kittler-gramophone-film-typewriter","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/kittler-gramophone-film-typewriter","title":"Gramophone, Film, Typewriter","author":"Friedrich Kittler","year":1986,"publication":"Stanford University Press","type":"book","tags":["media-theory","philosophy","history","culture"],"source_url":"https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=2022","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Kittler — the German McLuhan, darker and more technically precise — argued that the media technologies of the late nineteenth century broke the monopoly of print over the storage and transmission of human experience. 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Edwards Deming","year":1986,"publication":"MIT Press","type":"book","tags":["quality","deming","management","statistical-process-control"],"source_url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262541152/out-of-the-crisis/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Deming's fourteen points for management, the theory of profound knowledge, and the argument that most quality problems are system problems, not people problems. 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The book capture…"},{"slug":"malone-yates-benjamin-electronic-markets","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/malone-yates-benjamin-electronic-markets","title":"Electronic Markets and Electronic Hierarchies","author":"Thomas Malone, Joanne Yates & Robert Benjamin","year":1987,"publication":"Communications of the ACM, Vol. 30, No. 6","type":"paper","tags":["information-technology","organizations","transaction-costs","markets"],"source_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/214762.214766","open_access":"unpaywall","open_access_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/214762.214766","has_full_text":true,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The paper that connects Coase to the digital era. Information technology reduces transaction costs, and that pushes activity toward markets and away from hierarchies. When coordinating outside is cheap, firms shrink. It…"},{"slug":"flusser-does-writing-have-a-future","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/flusser-does-writing-have-a-future","title":"Does Writing Have a Future?","author":"Vilém Flusser","year":1987,"publication":"University of Minnesota Press","type":"book","tags":["media-theory","philosophy","communication","critique"],"source_url":"https://www.upress.umn.edu/9780816670239/does-writing-have-a-future/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Flusser asks whether alphanumeric code — and with it, the linear, historical, critical thinking that writing made possible — will survive the age of technical images. His answer is not nostalgic but analytical: writing p…"},{"slug":"norman-design-of-everyday-things","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/norman-design-of-everyday-things","title":"The Design of Everyday Things","author":"Don Norman","year":1988,"publication":"Basic Books (revised edition, 2013)","type":"book","tags":["design","usability","affordances","norman"],"source_url":"https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/don-norman/the-design-of-everyday-things/9780465050659/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Norman introduced the concepts of affordances, signifiers, mapping and feedback to a popular audience and argued that when people struggle with designed objects, the fault lies with the design, not the user. The book was…"},{"slug":"von-hippel-sources-of-innovation","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/von-hippel-sources-of-innovation","title":"The Sources of Innovation","author":"Eric von Hippel","year":1988,"publication":"Oxford University Press","type":"book","tags":["innovation","economics","organizations","history"],"source_url":"https://web.mit.edu/evhippel/www/sources.htm","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The empirical foundation for the argument that innovation comes from lead users, not R&D departments. Von Hippel examined case after case — scientific instruments, semiconductor process equipment, pultrusion machinery —…"},{"slug":"pagels-dreams-of-reason","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/pagels-dreams-of-reason","title":"The Dreams of Reason: The Computer and the Rise of the Sciences of Complexity","author":"Heinz Pagels","year":1988,"publication":"Simon & Schuster","type":"book","tags":["complexity","history","philosophy","information-theory"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/dreamsofreasonco0000page","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Pagels, a theoretical physicist, wrote this book just before his death in a mountaineering accident, and it stands as one of the earliest and most lucid accounts of the transition from reductionist physics to the science…"},{"slug":"ohno-toyota-production-system","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/ohno-toyota-production-system","title":"Toyota Production System: Beyond Large-Scale Production","author":"Taiichi Ohno","year":1988,"publication":"Productivity Press (English translation; Japanese original 1978)","type":"book","tags":["toyota","lean","ohno","just-in-time"],"source_url":"https://www.routledge.com/Toyota-Production-System-Beyond-Large-Scale-Production/Ohno/p/book/9780915299140","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Ohno invented the Toyota Production System and this is his own account of how and why — not Liker writing about Toyota, but the man who built it describing the thinking underneath. The book is short, conversational, and…"},{"slug":"wurman-information-anxiety","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/wurman-information-anxiety","title":"Information Anxiety","author":"Richard Saul Wurman","year":1989,"publication":"Doubleday","type":"book","tags":["design","information-theory","communication","history"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/informationanxie00wurm","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Wurman coined the term \"information architect\" in 1976 and this book is his fullest articulation of why the term matters: the gap between data and understanding is a design problem, not a volume problem. Written before t…"},{"slug":"gould-wonderful-life","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/gould-wonderful-life","title":"Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History","author":"Stephen Jay Gould","year":1989,"publication":"W.W. 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Where The Vis…"},{"slug":"kotter-what-leaders-really-do","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/kotter-what-leaders-really-do","title":"What Leaders Really Do","author":"John P. Kotter","year":1990,"publication":"Harvard Business Review, May–June 1990","type":"article","tags":["leadership","management","kotter","classic"],"source_url":"https://hbr.org/2001/12/what-leaders-really-do","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Kotter's short HBR piece making a clean distinction between management (coping with complexity: planning, organising, controlling) and leadership (coping with change: setting direction, aligning people, motivating). The…"},{"slug":"franklin-real-world-of-technology","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/franklin-real-world-of-technology","title":"The Real World of Technology","author":"Ursula M. 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She treats every software experience as a dra…"},{"slug":"dennett-consciousness-explained","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/dennett-consciousness-explained","title":"Consciousness Explained","author":"Daniel C. Dennett","year":1991,"publication":"Little Brown","type":"book","tags":["cognition","philosophy","consciousness","classics"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/consciousnesexpl0000denn","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The central book of Dennett's philosophical project. He proposes the \"multiple drafts\" model of consciousness — the mind as a process of competing narrative drafts with no central \"Cartesian theatre\" where experience com…"},{"slug":"varela-thompson-rosch-embodied-mind","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/varela-thompson-rosch-embodied-mind","title":"The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience","author":"Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson & Eleanor Rosch","year":1991,"publication":"MIT Press","type":"book","tags":["cognition","philosophy","complexity","biology"],"source_url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262720212/the-embodied-mind/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The book that founded enactivism — the view that cognition is not the manipulation of mental representations but the living organism's active engagement with its environment. Varela, Thompson, and Rosch bring together ph…"},{"slug":"moore-crossing-the-chasm","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/moore-crossing-the-chasm","title":"Crossing the Chasm: Marketing and Selling Disruptive Products to Mainstream Customers","author":"Geoffrey A. 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Organisations need to do both but ten…"},{"slug":"petroski-evolution-of-useful-things","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/petroski-evolution-of-useful-things","title":"The Evolution of Useful Things: How Everyday Artifacts — From Forks and Pins to Paper Clips and Zippers — Came to Be as They Are","author":"Henry Petroski","year":1992,"publication":"Knopf","type":"book","tags":["design","innovation","craft","history"],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/163057/the-evolution-of-useful-things-by-henry-petroski/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Petroski dismantles the myth that form follows function by tracing the actual histories of forks, paperclips, zippers, and other everyday objects. What he finds is that design evolves not from function but from failure —…"},{"slug":"dreyfus-what-computers-still-cant-do","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/dreyfus-what-computers-still-cant-do","title":"What Computers Still Can't Do: A Critique of Artificial Reason","author":"Hubert Dreyfus","year":1992,"publication":"MIT Press","type":"book","tags":["ai","philosophy","cognition","critique"],"source_url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262540674/what-computers-still-cant-do/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The 1992 update to Dreyfus's 1972 original, written twenty years later with the critique deepened rather than softened. Dreyfus adds new introductions addressing connectionism, neural networks, and the failures of expert…"},{"slug":"waldrop-complexity","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/waldrop-complexity","title":"Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos","author":"M. 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The narrative cent…"},{"slug":"stephenson-snow-crash","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/stephenson-snow-crash","title":"Snow Crash","author":"Neal Stephenson","year":1992,"publication":"Bantam Books","type":"book","tags":["cyberspace","literature","culture","networks"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/snowcrash00neal","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-24","excerpt":"If Gibson imagined cyberspace as an abstract datascape, Stephenson imagined it as an inhabited city. The \"Metaverse\" in Snow Crash is a virtual boulevard with real estate, architecture, social stratification, and economi…"},{"slug":"postman-technopoly","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/postman-technopoly","title":"Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology","author":"Neil Postman","year":1992,"publication":"Alfred A. 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He kn…"},{"slug":"kay-early-history-of-smalltalk","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/kay-early-history-of-smalltalk","title":"The Early History of Smalltalk","author":"Alan Kay","year":1993,"publication":"ACM SIGPLAN Notices","type":"paper","tags":["history","software","craft","design"],"source_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/155360.155364","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The other half of the software history that Brooks and the Unix tradition represent. Kay and the Xerox PARC team invented objects, GUIs, and the idea that computing should be a medium for human expression — not a tool fo…"},{"slug":"sober-philosophy-of-biology","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/sober-philosophy-of-biology","title":"Philosophy of Biology","author":"Elliott Sober","year":1993,"publication":"Westview Press","type":"book","tags":["evolution","philosophy","biology"],"source_url":"https://www.routledge.com/Philosophy-of-Biology/Sober/p/book/9780813391267","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The standard manual for philosophy of biology — if you read only one book on the subject, this is the one. Sober covers the conceptual foundations of evolutionary theory with extraordinary clarity: what natural selection…"},{"slug":"rheingold-virtual-community","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/rheingold-virtual-community","title":"The Virtual Community","author":"Howard Rheingold","year":1993,"publication":"Addison-Wesley","type":"book","tags":["networks","culture","history","communication"],"source_url":"https://rheingold.com/vc/book/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Rheingold named online communities and wrote their first serious ethnography, centered on the WELL — Stewart Brand's BBS out of which half the early internet culture emerged. The book documents what happened when people…"},{"slug":"nielsen-usability-engineering","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/nielsen-usability-engineering","title":"Usability Engineering","author":"Jakob Nielsen","year":1993,"publication":"Morgan Kaufmann","type":"book","tags":["design","craft","data","product-management"],"source_url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/usability-engineering/nielsen/978-0-12-518406-9","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Where Card, Moran, and Newell gave HCI its theoretical foundation, Nielsen gave it a pragmatic engineering methodology. 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Pinker argues, following Chomsky, that the human capacity for grammar is a biological adaptation -- an instinct shaped by natural selection, not a cultural i…"},{"slug":"brand-how-buildings-learn","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/brand-how-buildings-learn","title":"How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They're Built","author":"Stewart Brand","year":1994,"publication":"Viking","type":"book","tags":["design","complexity","craft","architecture"],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/320919/how-buildings-learn-by-stewart-brand/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Brand's argument is that buildings are not static objects but processes that adapt over time, and that the best buildings are those designed to accommodate change rather than resist it. His \"shearing layers\" model — site…"},{"slug":"dennett-darwins-dangerous-idea","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/dennett-darwins-dangerous-idea","title":"Darwin's Dangerous Idea","author":"Daniel C. Dennett","year":1995,"publication":"Simon & Schuster","type":"book","tags":["evolution","philosophy","cognition","classics"],"source_url":"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Darwins-Dangerous-Idea/Daniel-C-Dennett/9780684824710","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Probably Dennett's most influential book. He presents Darwinism as a \"universal acid\" — an idea so powerful it dissolves any explanation based on prior purpose, design, or top-down intention. The argument extends natural…"},{"slug":"webster-theories-of-information-society","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/webster-theories-of-information-society","title":"Theories of the Information Society","author":"Frank Webster","year":1995,"publication":"Routledge","type":"book","tags":["information-theory","economics","philosophy","history"],"source_url":"https://www.routledge.com/Theories-of-the-Information-Society/Webster/p/book/9780415718790","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Webster's textbook is the essential map of the theoretical landscape surrounding the concept of the information society. 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What we call software, he argues, is a marketing abstraction layered over voltage diffe…"},{"slug":"brockman-third-culture","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/brockman-third-culture","title":"The Third Culture: Beyond the Scientific Revolution","author":"John Brockman (ed.)","year":1995,"publication":"Simon & Schuster","type":"book","tags":["culture","complexity","evolution","cognition"],"source_url":"https://www.edge.org/documents/ThirdCulture/tc.cover.html","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Brockman's anthology gave a name and a manifesto to the intellectual movement that would become Edge.org: scientists who write directly for the public, bypassing the literary intellectuals that C.P. Snow had lamented. Th…"},{"slug":"maynard-smith-szathmary-major-transitions","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/maynard-smith-szathmary-major-transitions","title":"The Major Transitions in Evolution","author":"John Maynard Smith & Eörs Szathmáry","year":1995,"publication":"W.H. 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Where Kernighan an…"},{"slug":"negroponte-being-digital","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/negroponte-being-digital","title":"Being Digital","author":"Nicholas Negroponte","year":1995,"publication":"Alfred A. Knopf","type":"book","tags":["digital-transition","media","decentralization"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/beingdigital00negr","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The shift from atoms to bits as the fundamental decentralising force. When information becomes digital, the costs of copying, distributing and transforming it fall to zero. Industries built on the scarcity of physical ca…"},{"slug":"turkle-life-on-the-screen","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/turkle-life-on-the-screen","title":"Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet","author":"Sherry Turkle","year":1995,"publication":"Simon & Schuster","type":"book","tags":["identity","culture","cognition","networks"],"source_url":"https://archive.org/details/lifeonscreeniden0000turk","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-24","excerpt":"If The Second Self studied what people projected onto computers, Life on the Screen studied what they became inside them. Turkle spent years observing and interviewing participants in MUDs — text-based virtual environmen…"},{"slug":"lumet-making-movies","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/lumet-making-movies","title":"Making Movies","author":"Sidney Lumet","year":1995,"publication":"Alfred A. 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The book is his account of how films actually get made — script through release — with a craftsman's attentio…"},{"slug":"kauffman-at-home-in-the-universe","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/kauffman-at-home-in-the-universe","title":"At Home in the Universe: The Search for the Laws of Self-Organization and Complexity","author":"Stuart Kauffman","year":1995,"publication":"Oxford University Press","type":"book","tags":["complexity","self-organization","emergence","kauffman"],"source_url":"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/at-home-in-the-universe-9780195111309","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Kauffman, a theoretical biologist at the Santa Fe Institute, argues that self-organisation is a fundamental force in nature alongside natural selection — that order emerges for free in complex systems and that evolution…"},{"slug":"dennett-kinds-of-minds","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/dennett-kinds-of-minds","title":"Kinds of Minds: Toward an Understanding of Consciousness","author":"Daniel C. Dennett","year":1996,"publication":"Basic Books","type":"book","tags":["philosophy","consciousness","mind","cognition"],"source_url":"https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/daniel-c-dennett/kinds-of-minds/9780465073511/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Dennett takes a careful tour through the spectrum of minds — from the simplest goal-directed behaviour up to human self-reflective thought — and argues that consciousness is not a single kind of thing but a series of cap…"},{"slug":"barlow-declaration-independence-cyberspace","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/barlow-declaration-independence-cyberspace","title":"A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace","author":"John Perry Barlow","year":1996,"publication":"Electronic Frontier Foundation","type":"essay","tags":["philosophy","networks","history","culture"],"source_url":"https://www.eff.org/cyberspace-independence","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Barlow wrote this in Davos in February 1996, the night the Telecommunications Act was signed, and it became the founding manifesto of internet libertarianism. 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Hafner and Lyon show how the internet was not designed by a committee but emerged from a small group of research…"},{"slug":"arrow-economics-of-information","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/arrow-economics-of-information","title":"The Economics of Information: An Exposition","author":"Kenneth J. Arrow","year":1996,"publication":"Empirica, Vol. 23, No. 2","type":"paper","tags":["information-economics","arrow","market-failure","uncertainty"],"source_url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00925335","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Arrow, the Nobel laureate who formalised the economics of uncertainty and information asymmetry, distills his life's work into a short exposition. The central argument is that markets for information do not behave like m…"},{"slug":"castells-rise-of-the-network-society","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/castells-rise-of-the-network-society","title":"The Rise of the Network Society","author":"Manuel Castells","year":1996,"publication":"Blackwell Publishers — Vol. 1 of The Information Age","type":"book","tags":["sociology","networks","organizations","information-age"],"source_url":"https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Rise+of+the+Network+Society%2C+2nd+Edition%2C+with+a+New+Preface-p-9781405196864","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The network as an organisational form that replaces industrial hierarchy. 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This reframes what it means to design a product: you…"},{"slug":"christensen-innovators-dilemma","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/christensen-innovators-dilemma","title":"The Innovator's Dilemma","author":"Clayton Christensen","year":1997,"publication":"Harvard Business School Press","type":"book","tags":["innovation","disruption","strategy","organizations"],"source_url":"https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=46","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Disruption from below: initially inferior technologies that serve ignored markets and end up displacing incumbents. 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Ullman, a veteran software engineer in 1990s San Francisco, writes about the seduction of code — the way proximity to the machine narrows yo…"},{"slug":"raymond-cathedral-and-the-bazaar","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/raymond-cathedral-and-the-bazaar","title":"The Cathedral and the Bazaar","author":"Eric Raymond","year":1997,"publication":"Essay, later O'Reilly Media (1999)","type":"essay","tags":["open-source","software","self-organization","coordination"],"source_url":"http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/cathedral-bazaar/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The founding essay of the open-source movement. The thesis: the decentralised, seemingly chaotic model (the bazaar) produces better software than the planned, controlled one (the cathedral). Raymond codifies what Linux p…"},{"slug":"dyson-imagined-worlds","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/dyson-imagined-worlds","title":"Imagined Worlds","author":"Freeman Dyson","year":1997,"publication":"Harvard University Press","type":"book","tags":["science","technology","futures","dyson"],"source_url":"https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674539099","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Freeman Dyson — physicist, polymath, long-time member of the Institute for Advanced Study — reflects on how science and technology shape the future, and how science fiction often illuminates that future more honestly tha…"},{"slug":"dyson-darwin-among-the-machines","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/dyson-darwin-among-the-machines","title":"Darwin Among the Machines: The Evolution of Global Intelligence","author":"George Dyson","year":1997,"publication":"Addison-Wesley","type":"book","tags":["history","evolution","complexity","ai"],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/72962/darwin-among-the-machines-by-george-dyson/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Dyson traces the idea that machines might evolve intelligence from its seventeenth-century origins — Hobbes's Leviathan as artificial organism, Leibniz's calculus of reason — through Samuel Butler's 1863 essay that gave…"},{"slug":"castells-power-of-identity","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/castells-power-of-identity","title":"The Power of Identity","author":"Manuel Castells","year":1997,"publication":"Blackwell","type":"book","tags":["networks","culture","organizations","philosophy"],"source_url":"https://www.wiley.com/en-us/The+Power+of+Identity-p-9781405196871","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The second volume of Castells' Information Age trilogy shifts focus from the structural logic of the network society to the human response: identity. 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She was…"},{"slug":"castells-end-of-millennium","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/castells-end-of-millennium","title":"End of Millennium","author":"Manuel Castells","year":1998,"publication":"Blackwell","type":"book","tags":["networks","economics","history","organizations"],"source_url":"https://www.wiley.com/en-us/End+of+Millennium-p-9781405196888","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The concluding volume of Castells' Information Age trilogy applies the theoretical framework of the network society to three empirical cases that defined the late twentieth century: the collapse of the Soviet Union, the…"},{"slug":"morville-rosenfeld-information-architecture","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/morville-rosenfeld-information-architecture","title":"Information Architecture for the World Wide Web","author":"Peter Morville & Louis Rosenfeld","year":1998,"publication":"O'Reilly","type":"book","tags":["design","information-technology","craft","networks"],"source_url":"https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/information-architecture-4th/9781491911686/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Known universally as \"the polar bear book\" after its O'Reilly cover animal, this was the first comprehensive text to treat information architecture as a distinct professional practice for the web. Morville and Rosenfeld…"},{"slug":"brin-page-anatomy-of-search-engine","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/brin-page-anatomy-of-search-engine","title":"The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine","author":"Sergey Brin & Larry Page","year":1998,"publication":"Stanford University","type":"paper","tags":["information-technology","networks","innovation","classics"],"source_url":"http://infolab.stanford.edu/~backrub/google.html","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"This is the original PageRank paper, written when Brin and Page were Stanford graduate students and Google was still called BackRub. The paper describes a system for ranking web pages by treating hyperlinks as citations…"},{"slug":"johnson-who-moved-my-cheese","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/johnson-who-moved-my-cheese","title":"Who Moved My Cheese?","author":"Spencer Johnson","year":1998,"publication":"G.P. 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This book introduced personas as a design method — not the dil…"},{"slug":"hunt-thomas-pragmatic-programmer","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/hunt-thomas-pragmatic-programmer","title":"The Pragmatic Programmer","author":"Andrew Hunt & David Thomas","year":1999,"publication":"Addison-Wesley","type":"book","tags":["craft","software","practice","tacit-knowledge"],"source_url":"https://pragprog.com/titles/tpp20/the-pragmatic-programmer-20th-anniversary-edition/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"A craft manual for software as a discipline. Hunt and Thomas codify decades of tacit knowledge about how working programmers actually build things well: broken windows, tracer bullets, orthogonality, the discipline of DR…"},{"slug":"kernighan-pike-practice-of-programming","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/kernighan-pike-practice-of-programming","title":"The Practice of Programming","author":"Brian W. 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Each phase comes with its specific financial dynamic — bubbles in the frenzy, institutional consolidation in the deploy…"},{"slug":"uglow-lunar-men","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/uglow-lunar-men","title":"The Lunar Men: Five Friends Whose Curiosity Changed the World","author":"Jenny Uglow","year":2002,"publication":"Faber & Faber","type":"book","tags":["history","innovation","culture","networks"],"source_url":"https://us.macmillan.com/books/9780374528881/the-lunar-men","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Uglow reconstructs the Lunar Society of Birmingham, an informal club that met monthly on the full moon between the 1760s and 1800s and included Erasmus Darwin, James Watt, Joseph Priestley, Josiah Wedgwood, and Matthew B…"},{"slug":"garrett-elements-of-user-experience","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/garrett-elements-of-user-experience","title":"The Elements of User Experience: User-Centered Design for the Web and Beyond","author":"Jesse James Garrett","year":2002,"publication":"New Riders","type":"book","tags":["design","product-management","craft","communication"],"source_url":"https://www.jjg.net/elements/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Garrett's five-layer diagram — strategy, scope, structure, skeleton, surface — became the canonical way UX is taught and discussed, and it did so because it solved a real communication problem: designers, developers, and…"},{"slug":"williams-free-as-in-freedom","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/williams-free-as-in-freedom","title":"Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software","author":"Sam Williams","year":2002,"publication":"O'Reilly","type":"book","tags":["open-source","history","philosophy","culture"],"source_url":"https://www.gnu.org/doc/fsfs-ii-2.pdf","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Williams wrote this biography of Richard Stallman with Stallman's cooperation but without his editorial control, and the result is both sympathetic and clear-eyed. The book traces Stallman's path from the MIT AI Lab's cu…"},{"slug":"gould-structure-of-evolutionary-theory","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/gould-structure-of-evolutionary-theory","title":"The Structure of Evolutionary Theory","author":"Stephen Jay Gould","year":2002,"publication":"Harvard University Press","type":"book","tags":["evolution","biology","philosophy","history"],"source_url":"https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674006133","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Fifteen hundred pages, published the year Gould died -- his magnum opus and lifetime summation. 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The cure is ubiquitous language — the same words in code, in meetings an…"},{"slug":"raymond-art-of-unix-programming","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/raymond-art-of-unix-programming","title":"The Art of UNIX Programming","author":"Eric S. Raymond","year":2003,"publication":"Addison-Wesley","type":"book","tags":["unix","software-design","philosophy","craft"],"source_url":"http://www.catb.org/~esr/writings/taoup/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Raymond gathers and articulates the design principles that made Unix what it is — modularity, clarity, composition, transparency — and argues they are not Unix trivia but a general ethics of engineering. 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Gill","year":2005,"publication":"BMJ, Vol. 330","type":"paper","tags":["bayesian","medicine","clinical-reasoning","probability"],"source_url":"https://www.bmj.com/content/330/7499/1080","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"A short BMJ editorial that argues doctors are already doing Bayesian reasoning — just informally, through pattern recognition and base rates — and would benefit from doing it explicitly. 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Galloway and Thacker argue that networks are not inherently egalitarian — they produce their own native forms of control, exploitation, and…"},{"slug":"buxton-sketching-user-experiences","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/buxton-sketching-user-experiences","title":"Sketching User Experiences: Getting the Design Right and the Right Design","author":"Bill Buxton","year":2007,"publication":"Morgan Kaufmann","type":"book","tags":["design","craft","communication","innovation"],"source_url":"https://www.elsevier.com/books/sketching-user-experiences/buxton/978-0-12-374037-3","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Buxton's argument is deceptively simple: sketching is thinking, not drawing. A sketch is disposable, ambiguous, fast — the opposite of a specification. 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Hofstadter returns to the strange loop thesis three decades later, stripping away much of the formal apparatus and focusing directly on what he consi…"},{"slug":"thompson-mind-in-life","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/thompson-mind-in-life","title":"Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind","author":"Evan Thompson","year":2007,"publication":"Harvard University Press","type":"book","tags":["cognition","philosophy","biology","complexity"],"source_url":"https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674057517","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The contemporary enactivism treatise, continuing the programme that Francisco Varela, Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch began in The Embodied Mind. 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The book disman…"},{"slug":"helland-life-beyond-distributed-transactions","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/helland-life-beyond-distributed-transactions","title":"Life Beyond Distributed Transactions: An Apostate's Opinion","author":"Pat Helland","year":2007,"publication":"CIDR","type":"paper","tags":["data","software-engineering","complexity","architecture"],"source_url":"https://www.cidrdb.org/cidr2007/papers/cidr07p15.pdf","open_access":"author_pdf","open_access_url":"https://www.cidrdb.org/cidr2007/papers/cidr07p15.pdf","has_full_text":true,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Helland, a veteran of Tandem, Microsoft, and Amazon, argues that as systems scale beyond a single machine, the classical guarantee of distributed transactions — where all parties agree atomically — becomes impractical or…"},{"slug":"saffo-six-rules-for-effective-forecasting","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/saffo-six-rules-for-effective-forecasting","title":"Six Rules for Effective Forecasting","author":"Paul Saffo","year":2007,"publication":"Harvard Business Review, July–August 2007","type":"article","tags":["forecasting","uncertainty","strategy","weak-signals"],"source_url":"https://hbr.org/2007/07/six-rules-for-effective-forecasting","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Saffo, a long-time futurist at the Institute for the Future, reduces forecasting to six rules that most planners violate: define a cone of uncertainty rather than a single prediction, look for the S-curve, embrace the th…"},{"slug":"krznaric-empathy-art-of-living","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/krznaric-empathy-art-of-living","title":"Empathy and the Art of Living","author":"Roman Krznaric","year":2007,"publication":"RSA Journal / earlier academic paper","type":"essay","tags":["empathy","philosophy","ethics","civic-virtue"],"source_url":"https://www.romankrznaric.com/writing/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Krznaric writes about empathy as a civic virtue rather than a psychological faculty — as a practice that changes how societies treat strangers, how institutions design services, and how workplaces organise. This early es…"},{"slug":"isaacson-einstein","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/isaacson-einstein","title":"Einstein: His Life and Universe","author":"Walter Isaacson","year":2007,"publication":"Simon & Schuster","type":"book","tags":["history","philosophy","complexity","classics"],"source_url":"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Einstein/Walter-Isaacson/9780743264747","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Isaacson's biography benefits from being the first written with full access to Einstein's personal correspondence, released by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 2006. The result is a portrait that integrates the phys…"},{"slug":"kelty-two-bits","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/kelty-two-bits","title":"Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software","author":"Christopher M. 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Shirky documents how informal groups achieve results that once demanded f…"},{"slug":"ariely-predictably-irrational","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/ariely-predictably-irrational","title":"Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions","author":"Dan Ariely","year":2008,"publication":"HarperCollins","type":"book","tags":["behavioural-economics","irrationality","ariely","consumer-behaviour"],"source_url":"https://www.harpercollins.com/products/predictably-irrational-dan-ariely","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Ariely's contribution is the word \"predictably\": we are not randomly irrational but systematically so, and the patterns of irrationality are stable enough to study and to design for. The book walks through experiments on…"},{"slug":"roam-back-of-the-napkin","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/roam-back-of-the-napkin","title":"The Back of the Napkin: Solving Problems and Selling Ideas with Pictures","author":"Dan Roam","year":2008,"publication":"Portfolio / Penguin","type":"book","tags":["visual-thinking","communication","napkin-sketches","problem-solving"],"source_url":"https://www.danroam.com/the-back-of-the-napkin","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Roam's book is a practical method for visual thinking — a small set of basic shapes (people, places, things, amounts, timelines, how things work, why) that let you diagram almost any business problem on a napkin. The met…"},{"slug":"everett-dont-sleep-there-are-snakes","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/everett-dont-sleep-there-are-snakes","title":"Don't Sleep, There Are Snakes","author":"Daniel Everett","year":2008,"publication":"Pantheon","type":"book","tags":["language","culture","cognition","philosophy"],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/301764/dont-sleep-there-are-snakes-by-daniel-l-everett/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Part memoir, part linguistic bombshell. Everett arrived among the Pirahã of the Brazilian Amazon as a missionary and stayed for decades as a linguist. His claim -- that Pirahã lacks recursion, the property Chomsky declar…"},{"slug":"braben-scientific-freedom","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/braben-scientific-freedom","title":"Scientific Freedom: The Elixir of Civilization","author":"Donald W. Braben","year":2008,"publication":"Stripe Press","type":"book","tags":["innovation","organizations","history","philosophy"],"source_url":"https://press.stripe.com/scientific-freedom","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-18","excerpt":"Braben argues that the modern peer review system and risk-averse funding structures are systematically killing transformative science. His evidence is historical: he shows that most of the breakthroughs that created the…"},{"slug":"meadows-thinking-in-systems","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/meadows-thinking-in-systems","title":"Thinking in Systems: A Primer","author":"Donella H. 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The piece collects patterns observed in high-performing software organisations —…"},{"slug":"zittrain-future-of-the-internet","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/zittrain-future-of-the-internet","title":"The Future of the Internet—And How to Stop It","author":"Jonathan Zittrain","year":2008,"publication":"Yale University Press","type":"book","tags":["networks","innovation","critique","philosophy"],"source_url":"https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/4455262","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Zittrain's core concept is \"generativity\" — the capacity of a system to produce unanticipated change through unfiltered contributions from broad and varied audiences. The open PC and the early internet were generative; t…"},{"slug":"van-vugt-leadership-followership-evolution","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/van-vugt-leadership-followership-evolution","title":"Leadership, Followership, and Evolution: Some Lessons from the Past","author":"Mark Van Vugt, Robert Hogan & Robert B. 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Fuller assembled contributors from media t…"},{"slug":"tomasello-origins-of-human-communication","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/tomasello-origins-of-human-communication","title":"Origins of Human Communication","author":"Michael Tomasello","year":2008,"publication":"MIT Press","type":"book","tags":["cognition","language","evolution","cooperation"],"source_url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262515207/origins-of-human-communication/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Tomasello's argument, built on decades of comparative work with great apes and human infants, is that human communication did not begin with language but with pointing and pantomime -- cooperative gestures grounded in sh…"},{"slug":"carr-big-switch","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/carr-big-switch","title":"The Big Switch: Rewiring the World, from Edison to Google","author":"Nicholas Carr","year":2008,"publication":"W.W. 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T…"},{"slug":"sennett-the-craftsman","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/sennett-the-craftsman","title":"The Craftsman","author":"Richard Sennett","year":2008,"publication":"Yale University Press","type":"book","tags":["craft","knowledge","work","tacit-knowledge"],"source_url":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300151190/craftsman/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Not a technology book, but its central thesis resonates deeply: good work is born from making, not from planning. The craftsman learns by doing, develops judgement through practice, and their knowledge is inseparable fro…"},{"slug":"turkle-falling-for-science","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/turkle-falling-for-science","title":"Falling for Science: Objects in Mind","author":"Sherry Turkle (ed.)","year":2008,"publication":"MIT Press","type":"book","tags":["cognition","craft","culture","design"],"source_url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262512565/falling-for-science/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Turkle collected essays from MIT students and scientists describing the childhood object — a radio, a microscope, a piece of code, a broken clock — that drew them into scientific thinking. The result is an emotional ethn…"},{"slug":"johnson-invention-of-air","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/johnson-invention-of-air","title":"The Invention of Air","author":"Steven Johnson","year":2008,"publication":"Riverhead","type":"book","tags":["history","innovation","networks","complexity"],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/301234/the-invention-of-air-by-steven-johnson/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Johnson uses the life of Joseph Priestley — chemist, theologian, political radical, friend of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson — to argue that the history of ideas cannot be told through isolated genius. Priestley…"},{"slug":"vanderbilt-traffic","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/vanderbilt-traffic","title":"Traffic: Why We Drive the Way We Do (and What It Says About Us)","author":"Tom Vanderbilt","year":2008,"publication":"Alfred A. 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He walks through the…"},{"slug":"capodagli-jackson-innovate-pixar-way","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/capodagli-jackson-innovate-pixar-way","title":"Innovate the Pixar Way: Business Lessons from the World's Most Creative Corporate Playground","author":"Bill Capodagli & Lynn Jackson","year":2009,"publication":"McGraw-Hill","type":"book","tags":["pixar","innovation","creative-teams","culture"],"source_url":"https://www.mheducation.com/highered/product/innovate-pixar-way-business-lessons-world-s-most-creative-corporate-playground-capodagli-jackson/M9780071664011.html","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Capodagli and Jackson document the specific organisational practices Pixar uses to sustain creative output at commercial scale — the braintrust, dailies, the iterative reliance on notes, the refusal to ship until the sto…"},{"slug":"owen-davidson-hubris-syndrome","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/owen-davidson-hubris-syndrome","title":"Hubris Syndrome: An Acquired Personality Disorder? A Study of US Presidents and UK Prime Ministers over the Last 100 Years","author":"David Owen & Jonathan Davidson","year":2009,"publication":"Brain, Vol. 132, No. 5","type":"paper","tags":["hubris","leadership","pathology","power"],"source_url":"https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/132/5/1396/354862","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Owen and Davidson's article proposes hubris syndrome as an acquired personality disorder — specific patterns of behaviour that emerge in people who have held substantial power for substantial time, with a consistent set…"},{"slug":"reinertsen-principles-of-product-development-flow","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/reinertsen-principles-of-product-development-flow","title":"The Principles of Product Development Flow: Second Generation Lean Product Development","author":"Donald G. Reinertsen","year":2009,"publication":"Celeritas Publishing","type":"book","tags":["product-development","flow","economics","queueing-theory"],"source_url":"https://www.amazon.com/Principles-Product-Development-Flow-Generation/dp/1935401009","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Reinertsen writes the book most \"lean\" advocates should have written and didn't: a rigorous, economics-based account of why batches, queues and variability govern the speed of product development. The argument is quantit…"},{"slug":"vignelli-canon","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/vignelli-canon","title":"The Vignelli Canon","author":"Massimo Vignelli","year":2009,"publication":"Lars Müller Publishers","type":"book","tags":["design","craft","communication","classics"],"source_url":"https://www.vignelli.com/canon.pdf","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Vignelli distilled fifty years of design practice — the New York subway map, American Airlines identity, Knoll furniture, Bloomingdale's bags — into a booklet of principles that reads like a set of commandments delivered…"},{"slug":"godfrey-smith-darwinian-populations","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/godfrey-smith-darwinian-populations","title":"Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection","author":"Peter Godfrey-Smith","year":2009,"publication":"Oxford University Press","type":"book","tags":["evolution","philosophy","biology","complexity"],"source_url":"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/darwinian-populations-and-natural-selection-9780199552047","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"What conditions must a population meet for natural selection to actually operate on it? Godfrey-Smith answers with a framework far more precise than anything in popular evolutionary writing — he identifies the parameters…"},{"slug":"seibel-coders-at-work","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/seibel-coders-at-work","title":"Coders at Work","author":"Peter Seibel","year":2009,"publication":"Apress","type":"book","tags":["software-engineering","craft","culture","interviews"],"source_url":"https://codersatwork.com/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Fifteen long-form interviews with legendary programmers — Knuth, Norvig, Frances Allen, Crockford, Zawinski, Fitzpatrick, among others — conducted by a programmer who knows enough to ask the right follow-up questions. Th…"},{"slug":"arthur-nature-of-technology","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/arthur-nature-of-technology","title":"The Nature of Technology: What It Is and How It Evolves","author":"W. Brian Arthur","year":2009,"publication":"Free Press","type":"book","tags":["technology-theory","innovation","complexity"],"source_url":"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Nature-of-Technology/W-Brian-Arthur/9781416544067","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Technologies are not invented from scratch; they evolve by combining with one another. Every technology is an assemblage of earlier technologies, and innovations arise from recombinations, not isolated inspirations. Arth…"},{"slug":"osterwalder-pigneur-business-model-generation","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/osterwalder-pigneur-business-model-generation","title":"Business Model Generation: A Handbook for Visionaries, Game Changers, and Challengers","author":"Alexander Osterwalder & Yves Pigneur","year":2010,"publication":"John Wiley & Sons","type":"book","tags":["business-model","canvas","strategy","design-thinking"],"source_url":"https://www.strategyzer.com/library/business-model-generation-book","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Osterwalder and Pigneur's Business Model Canvas is one of the most widely adopted frameworks of the last twenty years, and like most widely adopted frameworks its power and its abuse are the same thing. Nine boxes that f…"},{"slug":"anderson-kanban","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/anderson-kanban","title":"Kanban: Successful Evolutionary Change for Your Technology Business","author":"David J. Anderson","year":2010,"publication":"Blue Hole Press","type":"book","tags":["kanban","flow","evolutionary-change","agile"],"source_url":"https://www.amazon.com/Kanban-Successful-Evolutionary-Technology-Business/dp/0984521402","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Anderson's central claim is subtle: you do not adopt Kanban, you discover it by making your current work visible. Start where you are, make WIP limits explicit, manage flow — and the process improves itself. The virtue o…"},{"slug":"norman-technology-first-needs-last","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/norman-technology-first-needs-last","title":"Technology First, Needs Last","author":"Don Norman","year":2010,"publication":"jnd.org","type":"essay","tags":["design","human-centered","technology","don-norman"],"source_url":"https://jnd.org/technology-first-needs-last/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Don Norman's short essay arguing that the dominant pattern in tech product development is backwards: technology first, needs last, with user needs reverse-engineered after a technology has been chosen. The piece is compr…"},{"slug":"fried-hansson-rework","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/fried-hansson-rework","title":"Rework","author":"Jason Fried & David Heinemeier Hansson","year":2010,"publication":"Crown Business","type":"book","tags":["startups","37signals","business","contrarian"],"source_url":"https://basecamp.com/books/rework","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Fried and DHH compressed 37signals' operating philosophy into short, aphoristic chapters — the book's format is a deliberate rejection of the business-book norm. 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The book argued that mobile is no…"},{"slug":"sterelny-evolved-apprentice","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/sterelny-evolved-apprentice","title":"The Evolved Apprentice","author":"Kim Sterelny","year":2012,"publication":"MIT Press","type":"book","tags":["evolution","cognition","culture","biology"],"source_url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262526661/the-evolved-apprentice/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Sterelny's central argument is that what makes humans distinctive is not a single cognitive breakthrough but a package: learning in cooperative niches, extended childhood, active teaching, and the coevolution of culture…"},{"slug":"marquet-turn-the-ship-around","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/marquet-turn-the-ship-around","title":"Turn the Ship Around! A True Story of Turning Followers into Leaders","author":"L. 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The distinction is not semantic — it changes how you design systems, or…"},{"slug":"silver-signal-and-the-noise","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/silver-signal-and-the-noise","title":"The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail — but Some Don't","author":"Nate Silver","year":2012,"publication":"Penguin Press","type":"book","tags":["forecasting","probability","prediction","statistics"],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/305826/the-signal-and-the-noise-by-nate-silver/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Silver surveys forecasting across domains — baseball, weather, politics, earthquakes, economics, chess — and catalogues the systematic ways predictions fail. 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W. Norton & Company","type":"book","tags":["statistics","education","popular-science","foundations"],"source_url":"https://wwnorton.com/books/Naked-Statistics/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Wheelan's book is a popular statistics primer for readers who survived a bad statistics class. He covers the fundamentals — distributions, correlation, regression, significance, sampling — with enough examples that the f…"},{"slug":"dennett-intuition-pumps","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/dennett-intuition-pumps","title":"Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking","author":"Daniel C. Dennett","year":2013,"publication":"W. W. 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The finding was p…"},{"slug":"lewis-impulse","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/lewis-impulse","title":"Impulse: Why We Do What We Do Without Knowing Why We Do It","author":"David Lewis","year":2013,"publication":"Random House / Cornerstone","type":"book","tags":["behaviour","psychology","decision-making","consumer-behaviour"],"source_url":"https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/182196/impulse-by-david-lewis/9781847940810","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Lewis's book is a popular treatment of the psychology of impulsive behaviour — why we make purchases we did not plan, choose options we will regret, click on things we did not mean to click on. 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Fontaine","year":2013,"publication":"School of Advanced Military Studies, US Army Command and General Staff College","type":"paper","tags":["empathy","leadership","complex-problems","military"],"source_url":"https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA589130","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Fontaine's monograph, published through the US Army's professional military education system, argues that empathy is a core competence for leadership in the complex operational environments modern armies face — not a sof…"},{"slug":"jackson-eleven-rings","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/jackson-eleven-rings","title":"Eleven Rings: The Soul of Success","author":"Phil Jackson & Hugh Delehanty","year":2013,"publication":"Penguin Press","type":"book","tags":["leadership","basketball","teams","autobiography"],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/312048/eleven-rings-by-phil-jackson-and-hugh-delehanty/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Phil Jackson won eleven NBA championships as a coach — six with the Bulls, five with the Lakers — and the book is his account of how to lead teams of extreme talent and extreme ego. 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What counted as open in AT&T's world was closed in t…"},{"slug":"horowitz-hard-thing-about-hard-things","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/horowitz-hard-thing-about-hard-things","title":"The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers","author":"Ben Horowitz","year":2014,"publication":"HarperBusiness","type":"book","tags":["leadership","startups","management","horowitz"],"source_url":"https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-hard-thing-about-hard-things-ben-horowitz","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Horowitz wrote the book for CEOs going through the specific kinds of pain that are not covered in business school — firing executives, laying off staff, competing while nearly insolvent, managing your own psychology unde…"},{"slug":"boyd-its-complicated","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/boyd-its-complicated","title":"It's Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens","author":"danah boyd","year":2014,"publication":"Yale University Press","type":"book","tags":["culture","networks","cognition","critique"],"source_url":"https://www.danah.org/itscomplicated/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"A decade of ethnographic research with American teenagers, dismantling the moral panics that adults project onto young people's use of social media. boyd demonstrates that teens are not addicted, naive, or reckless — the…"},{"slug":"catmull-creativity-inc","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/catmull-creativity-inc","title":"Creativity, Inc.: Overcoming the Unseen Forces That Stand in the Way of True Inspiration","author":"Ed Catmull & Amy Wallace","year":2014,"publication":"Random House","type":"book","tags":["pixar","leadership","creativity","catmull"],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/216020/creativity-inc-by-ed-catmull-with-amy-wallace/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Catmull's account of running Pixar and later Disney Animation — thirty years of specific organisational practices designed to make creative work survive the forces that usually destroy it. 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The book is heavily bran…"},{"slug":"brynjolfsson-mcafee-second-machine-age","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/brynjolfsson-mcafee-second-machine-age","title":"The Second Machine Age: Work, Progress, and Prosperity in a Time of Brilliant Technologies","author":"Erik Brynjolfsson & Andrew McAfee","year":2014,"publication":"W. W. Norton & Company","type":"book","tags":["ai","productivity","economics","automation"],"source_url":"https://wwnorton.com/books/the-second-machine-age","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The first machine age augmented physical force; the second augments cognitive capacity. Brynjolfsson and McAfee argue that we are at an inflection point where digital technologies begin doing for mental work what the ste…"},{"slug":"coleman-hacker-hoaxer-whistleblower-spy","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/coleman-hacker-hoaxer-whistleblower-spy","title":"Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy: The Many Faces of Anonymous","author":"Gabriella Coleman","year":2014,"publication":"Verso","type":"book","tags":["culture","networks","critique","organizations"],"source_url":"https://gabriellacoleman.org/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The definitive account of Anonymous, written by the anthropologist who had been studying hacker culture for over a decade before the movement exploded into public consciousness. 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Kotter","year":2014,"publication":"Harvard Business Review Press","type":"book","tags":["change-management","dual-operating-system","kotter","agility"],"source_url":"https://store.hbr.org/product/accelerate-building-strategic-agility-for-a-faster-moving-world/14039","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Kotter's argument is that large organisations cannot both run reliable operations at scale and respond to rapid external change using a single hierarchical structure — the fix is a \"dual operating system\" of hierarchy al…"},{"slug":"denardis-global-war-internet-governance","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/denardis-global-war-internet-governance","title":"The Global War for Internet Governance","author":"Laura DeNardis","year":2014,"publication":"Yale University Press","type":"book","tags":["networks","organizations","history","critique"],"source_url":"https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300181357/the-global-war-for-internet-governance/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"DeNardis maps the institutions that actually govern the internet — ICANN, IETF, regional internet registries, root server operators, national regulators — and the conflicts among them. Her central argument is that intern…"},{"slug":"gurri-revolt-of-the-public","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/gurri-revolt-of-the-public","title":"The Revolt of the Public and the Crisis of Authority in the New Millennium","author":"Martin Gurri","year":2014,"publication":"Stripe Press","type":"book","tags":["networks","culture","critique","media-theory"],"source_url":"https://press.stripe.com/the-revolt-of-the-public","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-18","excerpt":"A former CIA open-source intelligence analyst argues that the information explosion — driven by the internet and mobile devices — has fatally undermined the authority of institutions that depended on controlling the flow…"},{"slug":"gassmann-business-model-navigator","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/gassmann-business-model-navigator","title":"The Business Model Navigator: 55+ Models That Will Revolutionise Your Business","author":"Oliver Gassmann, Karolin Frankenberger & Michaela Csik","year":2014,"publication":"Pearson / FT Publishing","type":"book","tags":["business-model","patterns","strategy","innovation"],"source_url":"https://businessmodelnavigator.com/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Gassmann and colleagues at St. Gallen catalogued fifty-five recurring business model patterns — freemium, razor-and-blade, two-sided markets, sensor-as-service, and dozens more — and argue that most successful business m…"},{"slug":"godfrey-smith-philosophy-of-biology","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/godfrey-smith-philosophy-of-biology","title":"Philosophy of Biology","author":"Peter Godfrey-Smith","year":2014,"publication":"Princeton University Press","type":"book","tags":["evolution","philosophy","biology"],"source_url":"https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691174679/philosophy-of-biology","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The successor to Sober's 1993 manual as the standard introduction to philosophy of biology — more updated, equally clear. Godfrey-Smith covers natural selection, adaptation, species, genetics, and the relationship betwee…"},{"slug":"thiel-zero-to-one","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/thiel-zero-to-one","title":"Zero to One: Notes on Startups, or How to Build the Future","author":"Peter Thiel & Blake Masters","year":2014,"publication":"Crown Business","type":"book","tags":["startups","strategy","monopoly","thiel"],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/232536/zero-to-one-by-peter-thiel-with-blake-masters/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Thiel's argument is simple and polarising: genuinely new companies create monopolies by doing something no one else is doing, and \"competition\" in the conventional sense is a sign that everyone is copying each other. The…"},{"slug":"isaacson-the-innovators","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/isaacson-the-innovators","title":"The Innovators","author":"Walter Isaacson","year":2014,"publication":"Simon & Schuster","type":"book","tags":["history","innovation","information-technology","culture"],"source_url":"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Innovators/Walter-Isaacson/9781476708706","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Isaacson's group biography spans the full arc of the digital revolution, from Ada Lovelace's notes on Babbage's Analytical Engine to the teams behind Google and the modern internet. The book's central thesis is that inno…"},{"slug":"downey-think-python","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/downey-think-python","title":"Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist","author":"Allen B. Downey","year":2015,"publication":"Green Tea Press / O'Reilly Media (2nd edition)","type":"book","tags":["programming","python","education","fundamentals"],"source_url":"https://greenteapress.com/wp/think-python-2e/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"The book a product director picks up when they decide to stop being afraid of code. Downey teaches programming as computational thinking, not as Python tricks — variables, conditionals, loops, functions, data structures,…"},{"slug":"stellman-greene-learning-agile","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/stellman-greene-learning-agile","title":"Learning Agile: Understanding Scrum, XP, Lean, and Kanban","author":"Andrew Stellman & Jennifer Greene","year":2015,"publication":"O'Reilly Media","type":"book","tags":["agile","scrum","xp","kanban","reference"],"source_url":"https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/learning-agile/9781449363819/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"A comparative textbook that treats Scrum, XP, Lean and Kanban as related but distinct practices, with careful attention to what each one is good at and what it is not. The book is less polemical than most agile writing,…"},{"slug":"clark-surfing-uncertainty","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/clark-surfing-uncertainty","title":"Surfing Uncertainty: Prediction, Action, and the Embodied Mind","author":"Andy Clark","year":2015,"publication":"Oxford University Press","type":"book","tags":["cognition","philosophy","complexity","biology"],"source_url":"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/surfing-uncertainty-9780190217013","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"The most thorough philosophical treatment of predictive processing — the framework rooted in Karl Friston's free energy principle — applied to perception, action, and cognition. Clark synthesises neuroscience, robotics,…"},{"slug":"hidalgo-why-information-grows","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/hidalgo-why-information-grows","title":"Why Information Grows: The Evolution of Order, from Atoms to Economies","author":"César Hidalgo","year":2015,"publication":"Basic Books","type":"book","tags":["economics","information-theory","complexity","innovation"],"source_url":"https://www.basicbooks.com/titles/cesar-hidalgo/why-information-grows/9780465048991/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Hidalgo, a physicist working at the MIT Media Lab, proposes that economic development is fundamentally the accumulation of information embodied in physical products and the networks of people who know how to make them. H…"},{"slug":"pasquale-black-box-society","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/pasquale-black-box-society","title":"The Black Box Society","author":"Frank Pasquale","year":2015,"publication":"Harvard University Press","type":"book","tags":["critique","economics","philosophy","networks"],"source_url":"https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674368279","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Pasquale is a legal scholar, and he brings a normative framework that most algorithmic criticism lacks. The book examines three domains where opaque algorithms exercise decisive power: search engines that determine reput…"},{"slug":"young-practical-empathy","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/young-practical-empathy","title":"Practical Empathy: For Collaboration and Creativity in Your Work","author":"Indi Young","year":2015,"publication":"Rosenfeld Media","type":"book","tags":["empathy","user-research","listening","practical"],"source_url":"https://rosenfeldmedia.com/books/practical-empathy/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Young's book is the operational companion to everything else in this section — a careful treatment of empathy as a research methodology rather than an emotion. 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Acemoglu and Restrepo offer the analytical counterweight to Bryn…"},{"slug":"clark-designing-an-internet","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/clark-designing-an-internet","title":"Designing an Internet","author":"David D. Clark","year":2018,"publication":"MIT Press","type":"book","tags":["networks","design","history","architecture"],"source_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/4220/Designing-an-Internet","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Clark served as the IETF's chief protocol architect for fifteen years and helped shape the design principles that became the internet's foundation. This book is his retrospective: not a memoir but a systematic analysis o…"},{"slug":"graeber-bullshit-jobs","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/graeber-bullshit-jobs","title":"Bullshit Jobs: A Theory","author":"David Graeber","year":2018,"publication":"Simon & Schuster","type":"book","tags":["labour","work","graeber","anthropology"],"source_url":"https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Bullshit-Jobs/David-Graeber/9781501143335","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Graeber's thesis: a growing proportion of jobs in advanced economies are perceived as meaningless by the people who hold them, and this is not a bug in capitalism but a structural feature — the system produces unnecessar…"},{"slug":"gil-high-growth-handbook","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/gil-high-growth-handbook","title":"High Growth Handbook","author":"Elad Gil","year":2018,"publication":"Stripe Press","type":"book","tags":["organizations","strategy","product-management","leadership"],"source_url":"https://press.stripe.com/high-growth-handbook","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-18","excerpt":"The operational handbook for scaling startups from product-market fit through rapid growth to IPO, based on Gil's experience as a founder and operator at Google and Twitter and on extensive interviews with people like Ma…"},{"slug":"doerr-measure-what-matters","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/doerr-measure-what-matters","title":"Measure What Matters: How Google, Bono, and the Gates Foundation Rock the World with OKRs","author":"John Doerr","year":2018,"publication":"Portfolio / Penguin","type":"book","tags":["okrs","goal-setting","management","performance"],"source_url":"https://www.whatmatters.com/the-book","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Doerr's book is the popular introduction to OKRs — objectives and key results — the goal-setting system Andy Grove developed at Intel and Doerr carried to Google and from there to most of Silicon Valley. The case studies…"},{"slug":"rankin-peoples-history-of-computing","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/rankin-peoples-history-of-computing","title":"A People's History of Computing in the United States","author":"Joy Lisi Rankin","year":2018,"publication":"Harvard University Press","type":"book","tags":["history","culture","information-technology","organizations"],"source_url":"https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674970977","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Rankin deliberately begins her history of personal computing not in Silicon Valley garages but at Dartmouth College in the 1960s, where time-sharing systems gave ordinary students interactive access to mainframes for the…"},{"slug":"cagan-establishing-true-product-culture","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/cagan-establishing-true-product-culture","title":"Establishing a True Product Culture","author":"Marty Cagan","year":2018,"publication":"Silicon Valley Product Group (SVPG)","type":"essay","tags":["product-culture","cagan","svpg","leadership"],"source_url":"https://www.svpg.com/establishing-a-true-product-culture/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Cagan's SVPG essay on what it takes to establish a real product culture — not the performative version, the version that actually makes a product organisation produce better products. The piece is more direct than most o…"},{"slug":"perri-escaping-the-build-trap","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/perri-escaping-the-build-trap","title":"Escaping the Build Trap: How Effective Product Management Creates Real Value","author":"Melissa Perri","year":2018,"publication":"O'Reilly Media","type":"book","tags":["product-management","outcomes","product-strategy","anti-patterns"],"source_url":"https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/escaping-the-build/9781491973783/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Perri's book names a condition that most product organisations fall into without noticing: the build trap, where shipping features becomes the measure of progress and the connection between those features and actual outc…"},{"slug":"mccord-powerful","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/mccord-powerful","title":"Powerful: Building a Culture of Freedom and Responsibility","author":"Patty McCord","year":2018,"publication":"Silicon Guild","type":"book","tags":["culture","netflix","talent","mccord"],"source_url":"https://pattymccord.com/book/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"McCord was the architect of Netflix's famous culture document and the book is her expanded argument for what that document actually means. The core claim is that most corporate culture initiatives are backwards — they tr…"},{"slug":"noble-algorithms-of-oppression","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/noble-algorithms-of-oppression","title":"Algorithms of Oppression","author":"Safiya Umoja Noble","year":2018,"publication":"NYU Press","type":"book","tags":["critique","networks","culture","design"],"source_url":"https://nyupress.org/9781479837243/algorithms-of-oppression/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Noble's investigation begins with a simple, devastating observation: searching for \"black girls\" on Google returned pornography and racist stereotypes, while searches for white counterparts returned wholesome content. Fr…"},{"slug":"polonski-personalization","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/polonski-personalization","title":"What No One Tells You About Personalization","author":"Slava Polonski","year":2018,"publication":"UX Collective (uxdesign.cc)","type":"article","tags":["personalisation","ux","critique","polonski"],"source_url":"https://uxdesign.cc/what-no-one-tells-you-about-personalization-150c9064ae8e","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Polonski's essay argues the uncomfortable point behind \"personalisation\" as a product feature: most implementations reduce user agency rather than extend it, and many produce filter bubbles and perceived surveillance wit…"},{"slug":"cowen-stubborn-attachments","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/cowen-stubborn-attachments","title":"Stubborn Attachments: A Vision for a Society of Free, Prosperous, and Responsible Individuals","author":"Tyler Cowen","year":2018,"publication":"Stripe Press","type":"book","tags":["economics","philosophy","ethics","innovation"],"source_url":"https://press.stripe.com/stubborn-attachments","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-18","excerpt":"Cowen's philosophical argument that sustained economic growth — broadly defined to include environmental quality, leisure, and human capabilities — is a moral imperative because it is the only reliable mechanism for impr…"},{"slug":"levine-surveillance-valley","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/levine-surveillance-valley","title":"Surveillance Valley","author":"Yasha Levine","year":2018,"publication":"PublicAffairs","type":"book","tags":["history","networks","critique","organizations"],"source_url":"https://www.publicaffairsbooks.com/titles/yasha-levine/surveillance-valley/9781610398022/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Levine reconstructs the history of the internet that the Silicon Valley origin myth prefers to forget. ARPANET was not a project to survive nuclear war — it was a counterinsurgency tool, funded by ARPA to help the U.S. m…"},{"slug":"amplitude-north-star-playbook","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/amplitude-north-star-playbook","title":"The North Star Playbook: The Guide to Discovering Your Product's North Star","author":"Amplitude","year":2019,"publication":"Amplitude Inc.","type":"book","tags":["north-star","metrics","product-strategy","amplitude"],"source_url":"https://amplitude.com/north-star","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Amplitude's playbook on how to pick a North Star metric — the single measurable number that represents the value a product delivers to its users — and how to structure product strategy around it. 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Smith distinguishes between reckoning — the formal manipu…"},{"slug":"yip-four-variables","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/yip-four-variables","title":"Four Variables: Cost, Time, Quality, Scope","author":"Jason Yip","year":2019,"publication":"Medium","type":"essay","tags":["project-management","tradeoffs","cost-time-quality-scope","yip"],"source_url":"https://jchyip.medium.com/four-variables-cost-time-quality-scope-f29b4de8bfdf","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Yip's short Medium post revisits the classic project management triangle — cost, time, quality, scope — and argues for being explicit about which of the four is fixed and which is variable in any given project. The piece…"},{"slug":"whalen-design-for-how-people-think","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/whalen-design-for-how-people-think","title":"Design for How People Think: Using Brain Science to Build Better Products","author":"John Whalen","year":2019,"publication":"O'Reilly Media","type":"book","tags":["cognitive-design","neuroscience","ux","design"],"source_url":"https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/design-for-how/9781492057611/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Whalen's book is a careful application of cognitive science to product design — attention, memory, decision-making, emotion — presented through frameworks that product teams can actually use. 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The book is deliberately concise — under a hundred p…"},{"slug":"norton-what-makes-strong-product-culture","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/norton-what-makes-strong-product-culture","title":"What Makes a Strong Product Culture?","author":"Ken Norton","year":2019,"publication":"Bring the Donuts","type":"essay","tags":["product-culture","norton","craftsmanship","teams"],"source_url":"https://www.bringthedonuts.com/essays/what-makes-a-strong-product-culture/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Norton's essay on product culture is a compressed argument about what distinguishes strong product organisations from the rest — not the rituals or the frameworks, but the shared sense of what good product work looks lik…"},{"slug":"gladwell-talking-to-strangers","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/gladwell-talking-to-strangers","title":"Talking to Strangers: What We Should Know About the People We Don't Know","author":"Malcolm Gladwell","year":2019,"publication":"Little, Brown and Company","type":"book","tags":["communication","misunderstanding","trust","popular-psychology"],"source_url":"https://www.littlebrown.com/titles/malcolm-gladwell/talking-to-strangers/9780316478526/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Gladwell's book is a tour through the systematic ways humans misread strangers — defaults to truth, transparency illusions, context collapse. 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Becoming Human traces how human uniqueness -- shared intentionality, normativity, cumulative culture -- emerges ontogenetically in children through a sequence of…"},{"slug":"davies-demon-in-the-machine","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/davies-demon-in-the-machine","title":"The Demon in the Machine: How Hidden Webs of Information Are Solving the Mystery of Life","author":"Paul Davies","year":2019,"publication":"University of Chicago Press","type":"book","tags":["biology","information-theory","complexity","philosophy"],"source_url":"https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/D/bo28628698.html","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"Davies, a theoretical physicist and astrobiologist, synthesises the most current thinking on the relationship between information and life. He argues that understanding living systems requires a new concept of informatio…"},{"slug":"mcnamee-zucked","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/mcnamee-zucked","title":"Zucked: Waking Up to the Facebook Catastrophe","author":"Roger McNamee","year":2019,"publication":"Penguin","type":"book","tags":["critique","organizations","economics","networks"],"source_url":"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/585049/zucked-by-roger-mcnamee/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-17","excerpt":"McNamee was an early mentor to Zuckerberg and an investor who helped broker the hire of Sheryl Sandberg — which makes his turn to fierce public critic unusually credible. 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The distinction is small…"},{"slug":"brynjolfsson-turing-trap","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/brynjolfsson-turing-trap","title":"The Turing Trap: The Promise & Peril of Human-Like Artificial Intelligence","author":"Erik Brynjolfsson","year":2022,"publication":"Dædalus, Vol. 151, No. 2","type":"paper","tags":["ai","economics","automation","augmentation"],"source_url":"https://direct.mit.edu/daed/article/151/2/272/110622/The-Turing-Trap-The-Promise-amp-Peril-of-Human","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Brynjolfsson draws a clean distinction between AI that substitutes (automation) and AI that augments (augmentation). When AI imitates the human and replaces them, workers lose bargaining power and value concentrates. Whe…"},{"slug":"stern-owner-of-this-iphone","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/stern-owner-of-this-iphone","title":"The Owner of This iPhone Was in a Severe Car Crash — or Just on a Roller Coaster","author":"Joanna Stern","year":2022,"publication":"The Wall Street Journal","type":"article","tags":["product-design","edge-cases","unintended-consequences","scale"],"source_url":"https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-owner-of-this-iphone-was-in-a-severe-car-crashor-just-on-a-roller-coaster-11665314944","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"A short piece of reporting that works as a case study in unintended consequences. Apple's crash detection was a celebrated feature at launch; within weeks it was dialling 911 from rollercoasters and ski slopes. 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His argument is that maintenance, no…"},{"slug":"marcet-garcia-management-humanista","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/marcet-garcia-management-humanista","title":"Management humanista: la estrategia son las personas","author":"Xavier Marcet & Jorge García","year":2023,"publication":"Plataforma Editorial","type":"book","tags":["humanism","management","spanish-management","marcet"],"source_url":"https://www.plataformaeditorial.com/libro/6944-management-humanista","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Marcet and García argue for a humanist register in management — treating people as people rather than as resources, which in contemporary corporate practice is a more radical position than it should be. 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This piece is his account of leaving Spotify after the platform's algorithmic homogenisation made his listening feel imp…"},{"slug":"defilippi-blockchain-governance","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/defilippi-blockchain-governance","title":"Blockchain Governance","author":"Primavera De Filippi, Wessel Reijers & Morshed Mannan","year":2024,"publication":null,"type":"book","tags":["governance","organizations","networks","economics"],"source_url":"https://mitpress.mit.edu/9780262549059/blockchain-governance/","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-19","excerpt":"De Filippi, a leading researcher on blockchain governance at Harvard's Berkman Klein Center, addresses one of the most pressing questions in digital organisation: how do you govern systems without traditional hierarchies…"},{"slug":"webmonker-how-browser-works","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/webmonker-how-browser-works","title":"How does Browser Work?","author":"WebMonker","year":2024,"publication":"Medium","type":"article","tags":["web","browser","fundamentals","rendering"],"source_url":"https://medium.com/@ph_vinayak/how-browser-works-1a085cb564ae","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"A short walk through what actually happens when you type a URL and press enter — parsing, networking, rendering, paint. 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Brynjolfsson and Hitzig argue that AI can shift the optimal locus of control in organisations through two channels: by codifying local knowledge that used to be tacit, and by ex…"},{"slug":"li-aral-human-trust-ai-search","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/li-aral-human-trust-ai-search","title":"Human Trust in AI Search: A Large-Scale Experiment","author":"Haiwen Li & Sinan Aral","year":2025,"publication":null,"type":"paper","tags":["ai","decision-making","design","cognition"],"source_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/1c62d4f8f028874e8c8e21e3e7340f3ad3a7f927","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-05-10","excerpt":"Aral and Li treat the generative search interface not as a neutral conduit but as an architecture that actively shapes the epistemic dispositions of its users — a framing that connects squarely to the library's concern w…"},{"slug":"ju-aral-collaborating-ai-agents","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/ju-aral-collaborating-ai-agents","title":"Collaborating with AI Agents: Field Experiments on Teamwork, Productivity, and Performance","author":"Harang Ju & Sinan Aral","year":2025,"publication":null,"type":"paper","tags":["organizations","ai","decision-making","economics"],"source_url":"https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a6592233f89114439705adf7244e0fb80bd96e72","open_access":null,"open_access_url":null,"has_full_text":false,"date_added":"2026-05-06","excerpt":"Aral and Ju run a genuinely ambitious experiment — 2,234 participants, 11,024 real advertising outputs, a live field test on X generating ~5M impressions — and use it to identify three distinct mechanisms by which AI age…"},{"slug":"mcelheran-industrial-ai-j-curve","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/mcelheran-industrial-ai-j-curve","title":"The Rise of Industrial AI in America: Microfoundations of the Productivity J-curve(s)","author":"Kristina McElheran, Mu-Jeung Yang, Zachary Kroff & Erik Brynjolfsson","year":2025,"publication":"Center for Economic Studies, US Census Bureau Working Papers","type":"paper","tags":["ai","productivity","empirical-research","j-curve"],"source_url":"https://www2.census.gov/ces/wp/2025/CES-WP-25-14.pdf","open_access":"author_pdf","open_access_url":"https://www2.census.gov/ces/wp/2025/CES-WP-25-14.pdf","has_full_text":true,"date_added":"2026-04-01","excerpt":"Firm-level empirical evidence for the productivity J-curve associated with AI adoption. Companies that adopt AI initially see no productivity gains — they can even get worse — because they need complementary investments…"},{"slug":"disorbo-ju-aral-teaching-ai-exceptions","url":"https://inigomedina.co/library/work/disorbo-ju-aral-teaching-ai-exceptions","title":"Teaching AI to Handle Exceptions: Supervised Fine-Tuning with Human-Aligned Judgment","author":"M. 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